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Patient handout

Atrial flutter in adult unrepaired/late-repaired atrial septal defect (RA volume overload → CTI macroreentry)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for atrial flutter in adult unrepaired/late-repaired atrial septal defect (ra volume overload → cti macroreentry). Your care team identified this based on: new atrial flutter / palpitations in adult with known unrepaired or late-repaired secundum asd — ra volume-overload substrate + cti macroreentry.

Other reasons your team may use this plan: atrial flutter on ecg with rv volume-overload pattern (rbbb or rsr' v1, right axis, ra enlargement) — undiagnosed asd or known asd presenting with arrhythmia; palpitations, dyspnea on exertion, or reduced exercise tolerance in adult with systolic flow murmur + fixed split s2 → undiagnosed asd + new afl; tte shows secundum asd with ra + rv dilation + l→r shunt + atrial flutter on telemetry — combined structural + arrhythmia substrate confirmed.

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
metoprolol_tartrate5 mg IV q5min × 3 then 25-50 mg PO BIDIV/POIV q5min × 3 → PO BIDAVN slowing for ASD-related AFL — ACC/AHA 2024 (PMID 38753446); preferred over non-DHP CCB if RV dysfunction or pulm HTN
metoprolol_succinate25-50 mg PO daily; titratePOdailyLong-acting BB bridge to combined closure + CTI ablation — ACC/AHA 2024
amiodarone150 mg IV over 10 min then 1 mg/min × 6 h then 0.5 mg/min × 18 h; 200 mg PO daily maintenanceIV/POload + dailyMost efficacious AAD bridge to combined procedure given structural substrate; pulm/thyroid/hepatic toxicity monitoring — ACC/AHA 2024 (PMID 38753446)
dofetilide125-500 mcg PO BID per CrCl (REMS — inpatient initiation)POBIDAlternative to amiodarone; dofetilide REMS — must be initiated inpatient with QTc + CrCl monitoring — ACC/AHA 2024 (PMID 38753446)
apixaban5 mg BID (2.5 mg BID if 2 of: ≥80 yr, ≤60 kg, Cr ≥1.5)POBIDAC same as AF; lifelong AC typical given persistent RA substrate post-closure — ACC/AHA 2024 Class I (PMID 38753446); ARISTOTLE (PMID 21870978); Khairy 2010 GUCH-AF (PMID 20660806)
rivaroxaban20 mg with food (15 mg if CrCl 15-50)POonce dailyX-VeRT (PMID 24837375); peri-CV / peri-procedural strategy; ENGAGE-AF (PMID 24251369)
dabigatran150 mg BID (110 mg BID if age ≥75 or CrCl 30-50 in EU labelling)POBIDAlternative DOAC — reversible with idarucizumab if peri-procedural bleeding
warfarinINR 2-3POdailyMechanical valve / severe MS — only warfarin — ACC/AHA 2024
aspirin81 mg daily lifetime post-device closure; 162-325 mg load if pre-procedurePOdaily lifetime post-closureAHA/ACC 2018 ACHD (PMID 30121239) — ASA lifelong post-device closure for endothelialization + late device-related thrombus prevention
clopidogrel300 mg load → 75 mg daily × 1-6 mo per devicePOdaily × 1-6 moAHA/ACC 2018 ACHD (PMID 30121239) — DAPT 1-6 mo per device label for endothelialization period; resumes single-agent + AC if AC indicated

Plan: ASD-related atrial flutter — rate control + AC + CTI ablation Class I + CONCURRENT ASD device closure if hemodynamically significant — ACC/AHA 2024 (Joglar PMID 38753446); AHA/ACC 2018 ACHD (Stout PMID 30121239)

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Recurrent ASD-AFL despite combined procedure → repeat EP mapping (Calkins 2007)
  • New AF detected → AF management via cardio.afib.core.v1
  • Amiodarone toxicity (pulm fibrosis, thyroid, LFT) → switch to dofetilide or repeat ablation — ACC/AHA 2024
  • Stroke / TIA on AC → workup + reassess regimen — ACC/AHA 2024
  • Late residual significant shunt or device complication → ACHD reassessment
  • New pulmonary HTN on annual TTE → RHC + ACHD pulm-HTN pathway

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • ASD-related atrial flutter with SBP <90, AMS, ongoing ischemia, or pulmonary edema → synchronized DCCV 50-100 J biphasic now (typical flutter lower energy than AF)(life-threatening)
  • Cryptogenic stroke / TIA / systemic embolism + new AFL in patient with ASD → R→L shunt from RA pressure rise during AFL drives thrombus passage; expedited combined closure + ablation pathway(life-threatening)
  • AFL in patient with ASD and PASP >2/3 systemic, fixed pulmonary HTN, R→L shunt with cyanosis → Eisenmenger; closure CONTRAINDICATED (closure precipitates RV failure and death)(life-threatening)
  • Periprocedural AC management for combined CTI ablation + ASD device closure — uninterrupted DOAC vs interrupted with bridge; right-sided procedure has lower bleed risk than LA ablation
  • Post-combined procedure: device embolization (very rare ~0.5%, requires emergent surgery), residual significant shunt (>2 mm), atrial perforation with tamponade, or new pulmonary HTN — AHA/ACC 2018 ACHD complications(life-threatening)
  • New pulmonary infiltrates, thyroid dysfunction (hypo or hyper), or LFT elevation on amiodarone bridge — switch AAD or accept AAD failure → expedite combined procedure

5. Follow-up

ACHD clinic + EP at 4 weeks post-procedure with 12-lead + Holter; AC continuation lifelong if persistent RA enlargement (substrate persistence — Silversides 2004 PMID 15036666); device endothelialization period 6 months — DAPT 1-6 mo per device + ASA lifetime; lifestyle (alcohol, weight, OSA per LEGACY); 3, 6, 12-month Holter; transition pediatric ACHD → adult ACHD if not yet established

6. Sources

Guideline: 2024 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS AF + AFL Joint Guideline (Joglar Circulation 2024 PMID 38753446); 2018 AHA/ACC Adult Congenital Heart Disease Guideline (Stout PMID 30121239); ESC 2020 ACHD Guideline (Baumgartner PMID 32860412)

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38753446
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39050851
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30121239