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Patient handout

Cardiogenic shock — Brugada syndrome electrical storm

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for cardiogenic shock — brugada syndrome electrical storm. Your care team identified this based on: ecg type 1 brugada (v1–v3 coved st elevation ≥2 mm + t-wave inversion) + sustained polymorphic vt / vf episodes — electrical storm with shock physiology.

Other reasons your team may use this plan: recurrent icd shocks (≥3 in 24 h) in known brugada patient — electrical storm; assess for fever / na-channel-blocker exposure trigger; syncope or aborted scd in patient with spontaneous or drug-induced type 1 brugada ecg; family history of sudden death <45 y; fever (t >38°c) precipitating polymorphic vt in known brugada patient — most common storm trigger.

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
isoproterenol1–3 µg/min IV titrateIVcontinuous; titrate to HR 90–110 + storm suppressionHRS 2017 (PMID 28219760) — paradoxical β-1 agonist that suppresses Brugada storm by augmenting L-type Ca current (ICa-L); FIRST-LINE for storm; titrate to HR 90–110 and ECG ST normalization
quinidine1–2 g/d PO loading then 600–1200 mg/d maintenance (target level 2–5 µg/mL)POq6h after loadBelhassen 2004/2015 — ONLY Na-channel blocker that helps in Brugada because it ALSO blocks Ito (transient outward K current); reduces phase-2 dispersion driving reentry; HRS 2017 Class IIa for storm + bridge to ablation
acetaminophen650–1000 mg PO/PR/IV q4–6 hPO/PR/IVq4–6 h scheduled while febrileFever is the MOST COMMON modifiable Brugada storm trigger; aggressive antipyresis + surface cooling mandatory; HRS 2017
norepinephrine0.05–0.5 µg/kg/min IV titrateIVcontinuous; titrate to MAP ≥65SOAP-II PMID 20200382 — first-line in CS; supports MAP while isoproterenol handles arrhythmia; α-1 effect does not adversely affect Brugada substrate
potassium chloride20–40 mEq IV/PO; target K ≥4.5IV/POPRN until K ≥4.5Hypokalemia worsens Brugada storm; aggressive K replacement to ≥4.5 mandatory
magnesium sulfate2 g IV bolus then 2 g/h infusionIVcontinuous; target Mg ≥2.0Standard polymorphic VT supportive therapy; replace to ≥2.0; safer than additional antiarrhythmics in Brugada

Plan: Brugada electrical storm with CS — isoproterenol + quinidine + trigger reversal; AVOID ALL Na-channel blockers; aggressive antipyresis; ICD/ablation pathway

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Recurrent ICD shocks → emergent EP + ablation evaluation
  • New arrhythmia (AF, VT) → EP for programming + drug review
  • Quinidine intolerance / toxicity → ablation pathway
  • Family member positive screening → cascade testing + EP referral

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Inadvertent administration of Na-channel-blocking drug (lidocaine, procainamide, flecainide, propafenone, cocaine, some psychotropics) in known Brugada patient → STOP drug + isoproterenol if storm develops + reverse Type 1 ECG accentuation(life-threatening)
  • Fever (T > 38°C) precipitating polymorphic VT / VF storm in known or new Brugada patient — most common modifiable trigger; aggressive antipyresis + cooling(life-threatening)
  • Recurrent ICD shocks (≥3 in 24 h) in Brugada patient — defines electrical storm; emergent EP for shock burden management + storm suppression(life-threatening)
  • Refractory Brugada storm despite isoproterenol + quinidine + trigger reversal — emergent referral for catheter ablation of RVOT epicardial substrate (Nademanee technique)(life-threatening)
  • Family history of sudden death <45 y in patient with spontaneous Type 1 Brugada ECG — HRS 2017 Class IIa for ICD; cascade testing of first-degree relatives

5. Follow-up

EP / inherited-arrhythmia clinic follow-up 1–4 wks; ICD interrogation at 1 wk, 1 mo, then q3 mo; family genetic counseling + first-degree relative ECG screening (consider provocative ajmaline / flecainide test in genetics center ONLY); www.brugadadrugs.org avoid-list patient education; long-term oral quinidine if storm-prone or bridge-to-ablation

6. Sources

Guideline: HRS 2017 Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes Expert Consensus (Al-Khatib PMID 28219760); ESC 2022 VA / SCD prevention; AHA 2020 ACLS; SCAI 2022 CS staging (Naidu PMID 35718438)

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28219760
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21571989
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35718438