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Patient handout

Cardiogenic shock — SCAI Stage E (extremis / refractory)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for cardiogenic shock — scai stage e (extremis / refractory). Your care team identified this based on: cardiac arrest with ongoing cpr — consider ecpr per arrest trial criteria.

Other reasons your team may use this plan: map <60 + lactate ≥6 + multi-organ failure on mcs + max pharmacology — e-stage extremis; cs-related arrest with rosc but persistent extremis — e-stage post-arrest.

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
norepinephrine0.5-3.0 mcg/kg/min IV (typical E-stage doses)IVcontinuousMaintained on max dose during ECMO bridge to recovery or destination
epinephrine0.05-0.5 mcg/kg/min IVIVcontinuousAdjunct when NE max + vasopressin inadequate; inotropic + chronotropic at higher doses
vasopressin0.03-0.06 U/min IVIVcontinuousV1 adjunct on max NE; often needed at E-stage
amiodarone150 mg IV bolus then 1 mg/min × 6h then 0.5 mg/min × 18hIVcontinuousAHA ACLS Class IIb; preferred during ECPR if VF/VT-arrest etiology
heparinECMO circuit anticoagulation per protocol; aPTT 60-80IVcontinuousMandatory on VA-ECMO to prevent circuit thrombosis; bleeding risk balance

Plan: SCAI E extremis regimen — VA-ECMO + max pharmacology + LV venting; futility cadence

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Recurrent CS → readmit; consider hospice if not transplant candidate

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Witnessed VF/VT arrest with bystander CPR <10 min + age <75 + no terminal illness — ECPR candidate(life-threatening)
  • MAP <60 + lactate ≥6 + multi-organ failure on Impella/IABP + max pressors + inotropes — VA-ECMO needed(life-threatening)
  • LV distention + pulmonary edema on VA-ECMO due to retrograde aortic flow without LV venting(life-threatening)
  • No organ recovery + persistent extremis + SAVE score Class IV-V at 24-72h — futility threshold(life-threatening)
  • Cool/pulseless distal lower extremity on femoral VA-ECMO cannulation despite distal perfusion catheter(life-threatening)

5. Follow-up

Futility discussion at 24-72h; ethics consult if no recovery; bridge to durable LVAD or transplant if eligible; palliative if not

6. Sources

Guideline: SCAI 2022 CS staging + AHA 2020 ACLS + 2025 ACC/AHA ACS

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35718438
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37634145
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33308475