← Back to dossier
Patient handout

Post-cardiac-arrest care — opioid-overdose-induced arrest

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for post-cardiac-arrest care — opioid-overdose-induced arrest. Your care team identified this based on: rosc after opioid-overdose cardiac arrest — typically pea / asystole rhythm reflecting asphyxial mechanism (aha 2020 §opioid).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: witnessed opioid use / found-down with paraphernalia / track-marks + bradypnea–to-asystole progression; suspected fentanyl / carfentanyl / nitazene exposure — high-dose / prolonged naloxone requirement; tissue redistribution; initial rosc with naloxone but re-arrest as naloxone wears off (15–90 min t½ vs longer opioid t½).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
naloxone0.4–2 mg IV/IM/IN q2–3 min PRN; consider 4–10 mg total (or more) for fentanyl/carfentanyl; infusion at 2/3 reversal-dose/h if multiple boluses requiredIV/IM/INPRN q2–3 min then continuous infusionAHA 2020 §opioid overdose ACLS PMID 33081530 + ACMT 2024 high-dose for synthetic opioid exposures; infusion to bridge naloxone half-life vs longer opioid duration
norepinephrine0.05–0.5 µg/kg/min titrate MAP ≥65IVcontinuousSOAP-II PMID 20200382; first-line post-ROSC vasoactive
epinephrine1 mg IV q3–5 min during arrestIVstandard ACLSAHA 2020 ACLS
propofol5–50 µg/kg/minIVcontinuous; titrate RASSPADIS 2018
fentanyl25–100 µg/h (use cautiously given the OD context — consider non-opioid analgesia where possible)IVcontinuous; titratedPADIS 2018 — analgesia + shivering suppression for TTM; in OD context favor lower doses + shorter courses + early de-escalation; document OUD context for transition planning
buprenorphine4–8 mg SL once moderate withdrawal (COWS ≥ 8) develops; may give 16–24 mg/d divided over 24 hSLdaily; titrate to suppress withdrawal + cravingSAMHSA Bridge Clinic protocol + Edwards Ann Emerg Med 2020 — ED-initiated buprenorphine reduces 30-d mortality + improves OUD treatment retention; key step in MAT bridge after opioid OD
methadone20–30 mg PO daily with day-3 OTP referralPOdaily; OTP supervisionBerg J Addict Med 2024 — ED methadone bridge reduces mortality; use with monitored ECG (QTc surveillance) given methadone QT effects
naltrexone XR-IM380 mg IM q4 weeks AFTER ≥7-d opioid-free intervalIMmonthlyXR-NTX vs buprenorphine — alternative MAT pathway; only use after confirmed opioid-free interval to avoid precipitated withdrawal
lactated_ringers1–1.5 L bolus then 200–500 mL/h titrate UOP 1–2 mL/kg/hIVcontinuousKDIGO 2012 §5.4 + Bosch 2009 PMID 19571284 — aggressive crystalloid prevents myoglobinuric AKI in rhabdo
dextrose 50%25 g IVIVone-timeAHA 2020 — correct hypoglycemia immediately; common in malnourished IV-drug-use patients
thiamine500 mg IV TID × 3 d then 100 mg PO dailyIV/POTID then dailyEmpiric thiamine before glucose in malnourished IV-drug-use patients to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Plan: Opioid-overdose post-arrest phenotype — naloxone-titration resuscitation + post-ROSC standard bundle + OUD bridge MAT (AHA 2020 + ACMT 2024 + SAMHSA Bridge Clinic + Thom 2021)

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Repeat OD → ED + escalated case management
  • MAT discontinuation request → addiction medicine + mental health discussion
  • Mental health deterioration → urgent psychiatry

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Re-arrest or recurrent severe respiratory depression as administered naloxone wears off (15–90 min t½) before opioid (especially fentanyl/methadone) is fully eliminated(life-threatening)
  • Cumulative naloxone >4 mg required for reversal OR persistent respiratory depression despite standard naloxone dosing — suggests fentanyl analogue or non-opioid co-toxin
  • Failed initial buprenorphine induction with precipitated withdrawal (worsening symptoms after first dose) OR patient declines MAT bridge despite counseling
  • Severe opioid withdrawal symptoms (COWS > 12) emerging as ICU sedation is weaned in known OUD patient
  • Aspiration pneumonitis or non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema with PaO2/FiO2 <100 despite ARDSnet vent in opioid OD post-ROSC patient(life-threatening)

5. Follow-up

Critical cardiology / EP follow-up if cardiac concern; addiction medicine outpatient (warm handoff to bridge clinic / OTP within 7 d per Thom 2021 PMID 34516947); harm reduction (take-home naloxone × 2, fentanyl test strips, needle exchange); mental health (PTSD + depression high-risk); social work (housing, employment, legal); family education on overdose recognition + naloxone use; primary care for HIV/HCV screening if IV use; post-discharge MAT continuation (buprenorphine refill at d/c, methadone OTP appointment)

6. Sources

Guideline: AHA 2020 ACLS / Post-Cardiac-Arrest Care opioid overdose § + ACMT 2024 fentanyl management consensus + SAMHSA Bridge Clinic + SAMHSA TIP 63 (2023) + KDIGO 2012 AKI + TTM2 + HYPERION + Sandroni 2021 neuroprog

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33081530
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34516947
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34133859