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Patient handout

STEMI from spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for stemi from spontaneous coronary artery dissection (scad). Your care team identified this based on: peripartum / postpartum woman with ischemic chest pain + st elevation — high scad probability.

Other reasons your team may use this plan: coronary angiogram showing yip-saw type 1 (contrast staining + multiple radiolucent lumens), type 2 (long diffuse smooth stenosis), or type 3 (focal stenosis mimicking atherosclerosis) → scad; patient with known fmd, ehlers-danlos, marfan, or loeys-dietz presenting with stemi — pre-test probability of scad high.

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
aspirin81 mg daily (no load if conservative) OR 162-325 mg load if PCIPOdaily indefinitely if no PCI; daily × 12 mo per ACS protocol if PCIESC 2018 SCAD position (PMID 30033129) — single antiplatelet sufficient for most; ASA continued indefinitely per Mayo SCAD registry consensus
carvedilol3.125 mg BID titrate to max toleratedPOBID indefinitelyESC 2018 SCAD position (PMID 30033129) — BB reduce wall stress + may reduce recurrence; observational data only
clopidogrel300 mg load → 75 mg dailyPOdaily × duration determined case-by-caseAdd P2Y12 only if PCI performed (mandatory DAPT post-stent) OR intracoronary thrombus on imaging; clopidogrel preferred over ticagrelor in SCAD due to lower bleeding extension risk
unfractionated heparin70-100 U/kg IV bolus, NOT continued post-cath in conservative SCADIVbolus only at PCI; discontinue post-procedureAHA 2025 ACS Class I for PCI; in SCAD specifically, AC NOT continued post-procedure to avoid hematoma extension
atorvastatin40-80 mg dailyPOdailyNOT routinely indicated in SCAD (no plaque rupture); reserve for patients with concomitant ASCVD or 2018 ACC/AHA guideline-meeting LDL — different from atherosclerotic STEMI default
lisinopril2.5-5 mg daily titratePOdailyGDMT initiation per ACC/AHA 2022 HF Class I if LVEF reduced post-SCAD-MI; otherwise not routinely needed

Plan: SCAD conservative-first regimen — overrides parent cardio.stemi.core.v1 DAPT default; uses single antiplatelet + BB; PCI/AC reserved for instability

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Recurrent SCAD on CTA → cath + IVUS / OCT
  • New connective tissue / vascular event → genetics + vascular surgery referral

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Recurrent chest pain post-conservative-SCAD + repeat angio shows dissection extension or new false lumen(life-threatening)
  • SCAD-STEMI + SBP <90 / shock / large-territory infarct → conservative paradigm overridden, emergent PCI(life-threatening)
  • New chest pain + ECG / troponin changes within 12 months of index SCAD — recurrence rate ~10-30% in observational series
  • SCAD survivor with planned pregnancy OR new pregnancy detected within 12 months of SCAD

5. Follow-up

FMD screening (renal + cerebrovascular CTA / MRA); contraception counseling (avoid pregnancy if recent SCAD; relative contraindication for ~12 months post-SCAD); cardiac rehab (low-intensity); genetics referral if connective-tissue disorder suspected; psychosocial support (recurrence anxiety is common)

6. Sources

Guideline: ESC 2018 SCAD position paper + Hayes 2018 ACC SCAD scientific statement + 2025 ACC/AHA ACS Guideline + Mayo Clinic SCAD registry

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24574329
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30033129
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622670