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Patient handout

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for atopic dermatitis (eczema). Your care team identified this based on: chronic / relapsing intensely pruritic eczematous rash in a flexural (adult/child) or facial-extensor (infant) distribution (uk working party criteria; aad 2023 topicals exec pmid 36623556).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: personal/family atopy (asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy — the atopic march) (aad 2022 comorbidities pmid 35085682); itch-dominant, sleep-disrupting disease with itch–scratch–lichenification cycle (aad 2023 topicals pmid 36623556); eczema refractory to adequate topical therapy → systemic-ladder + biopsy-for-ctcl entry (aad 2023 systemics pmid 37943240).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
emollient_moisturiser_high_volumeAAD 2023 topicals (PMID 36623556) STRONG rec — liberal moisturiser (~250 g/wk adult) reduces flares, itch, and TCS requirement; apply within 3 min of bathing (soak-and-seal).
trigger_mitigation_and_bathing_practicesAAD 2023 (PMID 36623556) — gentle non-soap cleanser, lukewarm short baths + immediate emollient; conditional bleach baths for recurrently infected eczema; mitigate irritants/aeroallergens/sweat/stress.
wet_wrap_therapy_for_acute_flareAAD 2023 (PMID 36623556) conditional — wet wraps over diluted TCS for acute severe flares rapidly cool/hydrate and boost topical delivery.

Plan: Atopic dermatitis — barrier-first + stepwise anti-inflammatory ladder (AAD 2023/2025)

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Eczema herpeticum (monomorphic punched-out erosions + fever) → urgent systemic aciclovir + ophthalmology if periocular + route OUT (dermatologic emergency)
  • Erythrodermic flare >90% BSA with systemic compromise → admit
  • Adult treatment-resistant/atypical disease → skin biopsy for CTCL before chronic immunosuppression (AAD 2023 PMID 37943240)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Acute monomorphic punched-out vesicles/erosions, fever, pain, malaise (± periocular) on a background of eczema — HSV superinfection (Kaposi varicelliform eruption)(life-threatening)
  • >90% BSA confluent erythema ± scaling with impaired thermoregulation / fluid loss / haemodynamic stress

5. Follow-up

Chronic-disease maintenance: lifelong emollient/barrier habit + written eczema action plan (green/yellow/red flare steps), proactive twice-weekly anti-inflammatory to recurrence-prone sites, trigger control, atopic-march + mental-health + sleep + comorbidity surveillance (AAD 2022), education on quantity (fingertip unit) and TCS-phobia counselling, and step-down/step-up criteria. Dermatology continuity for any systemic agent; reassess CTCL if course remains atypical.

6. Sources

Guideline: AAD 2023 Guidelines of care for AD — topical therapies (Sidbury et al, JAAD; exec PMID 36623556) + phototherapy & systemic therapies (Davis et al, JAAD; PMID 37943240, exec 37943241) + AAD 2025 focused update (Davis et al, JAAD; PMID 40531067: tapinarof, roflumilast, lebrikizumab, nemolizumab) + AAD 2022 comorbidities (Davis et al, JAAD; PMID 35085682) + AAD/AAAAI-ACAAI JTF 2023-24 concordance review (PMID 41416235)

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36623556
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37943240
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37943241