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Patient handout

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Your care team identified this based on: persistent hyperkeratotic firm and often tender plaque or nodule on chronically uv-exposed skin (nccn cscc 2025).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: rapidly growing crateriform nodule with central keratin plug (keratoacanthoma-like cscc variant) (nccn cscc 2025); non-healing chronic ulcer, or new lesion arising in a burn / scar / chronic wound (marjolin ulcer) — high-risk cscc entry (nccn cscc 2025); erythematous scaly well-demarcated patch or plaque persisting for months — scc in situ (bowen disease) (nccn cscc 2025).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
standard_surgical_excision_4_to_6mm_marginNCCN cSCC 2025 — standard excision with 4-6 mm clinical margins achieves ~95% cure in low-risk primary cSCC; 6 mm preferred for tumours 1-2 cm.
electrodesiccation_and_curettageNCCN cSCC 2025 — ED&C for low-risk small cSCC on non-terminal-hair-bearing skin; avoid on scalp / beard area and any high-risk feature.
fluorouracil5% creamtopicalBID x 2-4 weeks (in situ) NCCN cSCC 2025 — topical 5-FU 5% for SCC in situ (Bowen) only; not for invasive cSCC; expect erosion / inflammation.
imiquimod5% creamtopical5x/week x 12-16 weeks (in situ)NCCN cSCC 2025 — topical imiquimod 5% for SCC in situ (Bowen) only; not for invasive cSCC; brisk inflammation expected.
photodynamic_therapyNCCN cSCC 2025 — PDT (ALA / MAL) for SCC in situ and AK field; not for invasive cSCC.
cryosurgeryNCCN cSCC 2025 — cryosurgery is an option for selected small SCC in situ when surgery is declined / unfeasible.

Plan: cSCC — risk-directed treatment ladder (NCCN cSCC 2025; Brigham staging; EMPOWER-CSCC-1; KEYNOTE-629)

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Perineural invasion (named-nerve pain / paraesthesia / motor weakness / facial palsy) -> urgent MRI + MDT (NCCN cSCC 2025)
  • Palpable regional lymph nodes -> imaging + FNAC / core biopsy and head-and-neck surgical oncology referral
  • Locally advanced / unresectable / metastatic disease -> systemic immunotherapy + MDT
  • Severe Grade 3-4 checkpoint-inhibitor irAE -> hold drug + systemic corticosteroids per oncology pathway
  • Transplant recipient with high-risk / recurrent cSCC -> transplant team for immunosuppression review

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • cSCC not amenable to curative surgery or radiation, regional nodal disease beyond surgical control, or distant metastasis (NCCN cSCC 2025; EMPOWER-CSCC-1 PMID 29863979)(life-threatening)
  • Symptoms or imaging consistent with perineural invasion of a named nerve (pain, paraesthesia, motor weakness, facial palsy) (NCCN cSCC 2025; Karia PMID 23677079)
  • Solid-organ-transplant recipient with high-risk or recurrent cSCC (NCCN cSCC 2025; ONTRAC PMID 26488693)
  • Brigham T2b (2 risk factors) or T3 (3+ risk factors) cSCC: ≥2 of diameter ≥2 cm, poor differentiation, PNI ≥0.1 mm, invasion beyond fat (Karia PMID 23677079; NCCN cSCC 2025)
  • New cSCC arising in a chronic scar, burn, ulcer, or wound (Marjolin ulcer) (NCCN cSCC 2025)
  • Grade 3-4 immune-related adverse event on cemiplimab / pembrolizumab (colitis / hepatitis / pneumonitis / myocarditis / endocrine crisis) (EMPOWER-CSCC-1 PMID 29863979; KEYNOTE-629 PMID 32673170)(life-threatening)
  • Palpable regional lymph nodes in a patient with current or prior cSCC (NCCN cSCC 2025; Karia PMID 23677079)

5. Follow-up

Lifelong derm continuity with emphasis on photoprotection (broad-spectrum SPF ≥30 + sun-protective clothing + behavioural avoidance), structured skin self-examination + regional-node self-check education, AK / field-therapy maintenance (route derm.actinic-keratosis-nmsc.core.v1 for ongoing field treatment), and nicotinamide chemoprevention for transplant recipients / multiple prior NMSC (ONTRAC PMID 26488693). Organ-transplant recipients receive intensified surveillance + transplant-team coordination on immunosuppression. Recurrence at the prior site -> re-biopsy + escalate (Mohs re-excision, adjuvant RT, or systemic therapy if unresectable).

6. Sources

Guideline: NCCN Squamous Cell Skin Cancer v.1.2025 (NCCN.org) + Brigham T-stage outcomes (Schmults/Karia JAMA Dermatol 2013; PMID 23677079, DOI 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2139) + EMPOWER-CSCC-1 cemiplimab in metastatic / locally advanced cSCC (Migden NEJM 2018; PMID 29863979, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1805131) + KEYNOTE-629 pembrolizumab in R/M cSCC primary (Grob JCO 2020; PMID 32673170, DOI 10.1200/JCO.19.03054) and combined LA + R/M (Hughes Ann Oncol 2021; PMID 34293460, DOI 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.07.008) + ONTRAC nicotinamide chemoprevention (Chen NEJM 2015; PMID 26488693, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1506197)

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23677079
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29863979
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32673170