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Patient handout

Urticaria (acute & chronic spontaneous/inducible)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for urticaria (acute & chronic spontaneous/inducible). Your care team identified this based on: pruritic, blanching, migratory wheals each resolving <24 h without residual mark (the defining urticaria pivot) (eaaci/ga²len 2022 pmid 34536239).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: wheals and/or angioedema present ≥6 wk → chronic urticaria (spontaneous vs inducible) classification entry (eaaci/ga²len 2022 pmid 34536239); acute (<6 wk) hives, often after infection / drug / food — self-limited acute urticaria entry (eaaci/ga²len 2022 pmid 34536239); wheals reproducibly provoked by a physical/exertional trigger (stroking, exercise/heat, cold, pressure, sunlight, water) → chronic inducible urticaria entry (eaaci/ga²len 2022 pmid 34536239).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
cetirizine10 mgPOonce dailyEAACI/GA²LEN 2022 (PMID 34536239) STRONG — non-sedating 2nd-gen H1 at standard dose is first-line; cetirizine is among the most evidence-supported and is pregnancy-preferred.
levocetirizine5 mgPOonce dailyEAACI/GA²LEN 2022 (PMID 34536239) — active enantiomer of cetirizine; equivalent first-line standing in the ladder.
fexofenadine180 mgPOonce dailyEAACI/GA²LEN 2022 (PMID 34536239) — minimally sedating 2nd-gen H1; preferred where sedation/operating-machinery is a concern.
loratadine10 mgPOonce dailyEAACI/GA²LEN 2022 (PMID 34536239) — long human-pregnancy safety record; loratadine (with cetirizine) is the pregnancy/lactation-preferred 2nd-gen H1.
desloratadine5 mgPOonce dailyEAACI/GA²LEN 2022 (PMID 34536239) — active metabolite of loratadine; equivalent first-line standing.

Plan: Urticaria — EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI 2021/2022 stepwise ladder (CSU/CIndU) + acute rescue

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Wheals + airway/CV/GI involvement → anaphylaxis: STAT IM epinephrine + route OUT to allergy.anaphylaxis.v1 (EAACI/GA²LEN 2022 PMID 34536239)
  • Angioedema without wheals + ACE-inhibitor / family history → stop ACE-inhibitor, C4/C1-INH, bradykinin/HAE pathway (NOT the ladder) (EAACI/GA²LEN 2022 PMID 34536239)
  • Fixed lesions >24 h, painful, bruising, systemic symptoms → skin biopsy for urticarial vasculitis (EAACI/GA²LEN 2022 PMID 34536239)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Wheals (± angioedema) WITH airway/voice change, bronchospasm/wheeze, hypotension/syncope, or GI symptoms — anaphylaxis(life-threatening)
  • Tongue / pharyngeal / laryngeal angioedema with voice change, stridor, dysphagia or threatened airway(life-threatening)
  • Recurrent angioedema WITHOUT wheals, on an ACE-inhibitor or with family history, unresponsive to antihistamine/epinephrine/corticosteroid
  • Chronic spontaneous urticaria with high disease activity (high UAS7) and substantial sleep / quality-of-life impairment despite up-dosed antihistamine

5. Follow-up

Chronic-disease maintenance: most CSU remits over months–years — periodically attempt step-DOWN once controlled; continue the lowest effective step. Trigger avoidance for inducible subtypes + threshold-guided counselling; NSAID/ACE-inhibitor avoidance where they exacerbate. Carry an action plan + epinephrine auto-injector only if there has been true anaphylaxis (not for simple urticaria). Reassess for autoimmune-thyroid association and urticarial vasculitis if the course changes.

6. Sources

Guideline: EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI international guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria (Zuberbier et al, Allergy 2022; PMID 34536239, DOI 10.1111/all.15090) + CSU guidelines "what is new" (Zuberbier et al, JACI 2022; PMID 36481045, DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.10.004) + AAAAI/ACAAI JTF practice-parameter update antileukotriene meta-analysis (Rayner et al, JACI 2024; PMID 38852861) + pivotal omalizumab CSU trials (ASTERIA I PMID 25046337; ASTERIA I/II + GLACIAL response analysis PMID 26483177; angioedema pooled PMID 27424128; background-therapy pooled PMID 26054553) + cyclosporine CSU meta-analysis (Kulthanan PMID 28916431) + omalizumab-vs-immunosuppressant network meta-analysis (Lin PMID 36140253)

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34536239
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36481045
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38852861