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Patient handout

Adrenal crisis

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for adrenal crisis. Your care team identified this based on: refractory hypotension / shock (bornstein jcem 2016 ese).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: hyponatremia + hyperkalemia constellation (bornstein jcem 2016 ese; rushworth endocr rev 2019); unexplained hypoglycemia (bornstein jcem 2016 ese); altered mental status with shock (hahner jcem 2015).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
hydrocortisoneAdult: 100 mg IV/IM bolus STAT, then 50 mg IV q6h OR 200 mg/24h continuous infusion. Pediatric: <1y 25 mg, 1–5y 50 mg, ≥6y 100 mg IV/IM bolus, then 100 mg/m²/day infusion (or 25–50 mg q6h)IVq6h or continuous infusionEndocrine Society 2016 + UK SfE 2020 — replaces cortisol AND mineralocorticoid effect at high dose; single most important intervention; mortality if delayed
dexamethasoneAdult 4 mg IV bolus (only if hydrocortisone unavailable AND ACTH stim test pending)IVsingle doseDoes not cross-react with cortisol assay; bridge until hydrocortisone arrives; lacks mineralocorticoid effect (Bornstein JCEM 2016 ESE)

Plan: Adrenal crisis acute — stress-dose hydrocortisone + fluids + treat trigger (Bornstein JCEM 2016 ESE)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Shock + hyponatremia +/- hyperkalemia +/- hypoglycemia +/- AI history with no hydrocortisone given (Bornstein JCEM 2016 ESE)(life-threatening)
  • MAP <65 despite hydrocortisone bolus + 30 mL/kg crystalloid (Bornstein JCEM 2016 ESE)
  • K >6.5 with peaked T, wide QRS, or arrhythmia (Bornstein JCEM 2016 ESE)(life-threatening)
  • Sodium <125 with neuro symptoms (Bornstein JCEM 2016 ESE)
  • Adrenal crisis in pregnancy any trimester (Bornstein JCEM 2016 ESE)(life-threatening)
  • New AC pattern in patient on PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitor (Rushworth Endocr Rev 2019)

5. Follow-up

Endocrine within 1 week; sick-day rules education; emergency hydrocortisone IM kit; medical alert ID; etiology workup completion; family screening if autoimmune (Bornstein JCEM 2016 ESE; Hahner JCEM 2015; NICE 2018 AI)

6. Sources

Guideline: 2016 Endocrine Society AI Guideline (Bornstein JCEM 2016) + NICE 2018 Adrenal Insufficiency + Rushworth Endocr Rev 2019 + Hahner JCEM 2015 + 2020 UK Society for Endocrinology Emergency Guidance

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26760044
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31461595