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Patient handout

Clostridioides difficile Infection

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for clostridioides difficile infection. Your care team identified this based on: ≥3 unformed stools in 24h with recent antibiotic / healthcare exposure (idsa/shea 2021).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: positive stool c. difficile test (naat + toxin or toxin eia per idsa/shea 2021); recent antibiotic exposure within 8 weeks + new diarrhea (idsa/shea 2021); pseudomembranes seen on endoscopy.

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
fidaxomicin200 mg PO BID x 10 daysPOBIDIDSA/SHEA 2021 — fidaxomicin preferred (lower recurrence vs vancomycin; Louie 2011 NEJM PMID 21288078 non-inferior cure with lower 25-week recurrence)
vancomycin125 mg PO QID x 10 daysPOQIDIDSA/SHEA 2021 — oral vancomycin equally acceptable first-line; lower cost
metronidazole500 mg PO TID x 10 daysPOTIDIDSA/SHEA 2021 — metronidazole NO LONGER preferred and only when fidaxomicin and vancomycin unavailable

Plan: C. difficile infection — severity-driven antibiotic + recurrence prevention (IDSA/SHEA 2021 focused update)

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • WBC ≥15k or Cr ≥1.5 → severe CDI tier (consider admission) (IDSA/SHEA 2021)
  • Hypotension / ileus / megacolon → ED + ICU (IDSA/SHEA 2021)
  • Failure to improve by day 5 → re-evaluate diagnosis + severity (IDSA/SHEA 2021)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Hypotension / shock / ileus / megacolon (colon dilation >6 cm) on imaging (IDSA/SHEA 2021)(life-threatening)
  • WBC ≥15,000 OR Cr ≥1.5 mg/dL (IDSA/SHEA 2021)
  • Colonic dilation >6 cm + systemic toxicity (IDSA/SHEA 2021)(life-threatening)

5. Follow-up

Total 10-day fidaxomicin or vancomycin course; bezlotoxumab single infusion during antibiotic course (≥1 recurrence-risk feature) (IDSA/SHEA 2021); fecal microbiota live (Rebyota) or FMT for recurrent CDI; avoid re-exposure; PPI deprescribing if possible

6. Sources

Guideline: IDSA/SHEA 2021 Focused Update: Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of C. difficile Infection in Adults

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34164674
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21288078
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28121498