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Patient handout

Small Bowel Obstruction

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for small bowel obstruction. Your care team identified this based on: colicky abdominal pain + distension (wses bologna 2017).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: vomiting (bilious/feculent) + obstipation (wses bologna 2017); ct/xr showing dilated small bowel + transition point (acr appropriateness criteria 2020); tender / irreducible hernia (east 2012).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
normal_saline_or_LR1-2 L IV bolus then maintenance 75-125 mL/hIVcontinuousAggressive volume resuscitation; correct hypovolemia and emesis-related contraction alkalosis (WSES Bologna 2017; EAST 2012)
potassium_chloride20-40 mEq IV/PO per dose; titrate to K 4.0IV/POPRNReplenish K+; check Mg simultaneously (WSES Bologna 2017)
ondansetron4-8 mg IV q6h PRNIVPRNSymptom control; alternative metoclopramide avoided in mechanical obstruction (WSES Bologna 2017; NICE 2024)
hydromorphone0.5-1 mg IV q3-4h PRNIVPRNPain control; lower dose to avoid worsening ileus (EAST 2012)

Plan: Small bowel obstruction — NOM with NGT decompression vs emergent OR (WSES Bologna 2017 + ACR 2020 + Abbas/Branco)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Peritonitis, lactate >2, leukocytosis with left shift, or CT signs of strangulation (pneumatosis, portal venous gas, no wall enhancement, free fluid + mesenteric haziness) (Zielinski 2017; WSES Bologna 2017)(life-threatening)
  • CT shows two transition points or closed-loop pattern (ACR Appropriateness Criteria 2020; Zielinski 2017)(life-threatening)
  • Tender, non-reducible hernia with overlying skin changes (WSES Bologna 2017; EAST 2012)(life-threatening)
  • Persistent obstruction at 48-72h despite NGT, IVF, contrast challenge (WSES Bologna 2017)

5. Follow-up

Surgery consult on admission, post-op diet advancement, discharge criteria for NOM, outpatient follow-up 2 weeks, recurrence education (WSES Bologna 2017; NICE 2024)

6. Sources

Guideline: WSES 2017 Bologna ASBO Guidelines + EAST 2012 SBO PMG + ACR Appropriateness Criteria 2020 + Branco 2010 / Abbas 2024 (water-soluble contrast meta-analyses) + Zielinski 2017 (CT predictors of surgery) + SnapSBO 2025

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29946347
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23114494
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17380561