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Patient handout

Contraception management (US-MEC / US-SPR — method selection & comorbidity)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for contraception management (us-mec / us-spr — method selection & comorbidity). Your care team identified this based on: request to start/switch contraception (us-mec 2024 nguyen).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: established method review / annual visit / tolerability (us-spr 2024 curtis); unprotected/under-protected intercourse — emergency contraception (us-spr 2024 curtis); postpartum / post-abortion contraception planning incl. immediate larc (us-mec 2024 nguyen).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
etonogestrel subdermal implantsubdermalin situ up to 3 yr (evidence supports up to 5 yr)Typical-use failure ~0.1%/yr — top-tier; US-MEC cat 1 for the great majority incl. migraine-with-aura, VTE history, breastfeeding, age ≥35 smoker (progestin-only). Adherence-independent: CHOICE adjusted HR for unintended pregnancy with pill/patch/ring vs LARC = 21.8 (95% CI 13.7–34.9), undiminished in adolescents. Immediate postpartum insertion improves initiation vs delayed (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11–1.98) with little/no impact on breastfeeding at 6 mo (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92–1.01); progestin-only implant US-MEC cat 1 from immediately postpartum incl. breastfeeding. Enzyme-inducer-independent efficacy (non-oral) (Trussell 2011; Winner 2012 NEJM; Sothornwit 2022 Cochrane; US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)
levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS 52 mg / 19.5 mg / 13.5 mg)intrauterinein situ 3–8 yr by formulationTypical-use failure ~0.1–0.4%/yr; also therapeutic for heavy menstrual bleeding (AUB overlap) and primary dysmenorrhea. US-MEC cat 1–2 across most comorbidities; valid for EC (Turok 2021 NEJM). Immediate postpartum insertion improves initiation (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.51) but conditional expulsion penalty RR 4.55 (95% CI 2.52–8.19) vs delayed — counsel + string check, net benefit retained (Sothornwit 2022 Cochrane). Non-contraceptive benefit routes to gyn.abnormal-uterine-bleeding.core.v1 / gyn.dysmenorrhea.core.v1
copper T380A intrauterine deviceintrauterinein situ up to 10–12 yrTypical-use failure ~0.8%/yr; fully non-hormonal — US-MEC cat 1 even when all hormones are cat 3/4 (e.g. current breast cancer) and unaffected by enzyme inducers; the single most effective EC up to 120 h. Immediate-IUD 12-mo unintended pregnancy RR 0.26 (95% CI 0.17–0.41) vs delayed insertion (Trussell 2011; Turok 2021 NEJM; Sothornwit 2022 Cochrane; US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)

Plan: Contraceptive method selection — efficacy tier × US-MEC comorbidity gating (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen; US-SPR 2024 Curtis)

3. Your action plan

Use these zones to know what to do based on how you feel.

GREENMethod working, no warning signs
If you have:
  • Using the method correctly and consistently
  • No new headaches with aura, no leg/chest symptoms
  • Blood pressure at goal if on the combined method
Do this:
  • Keep using your method as instructed; LARC continuation gives the best protection (Winner 2012 CHOICE)
  • Keep your emergency-contraception supply on hand if you use condoms or fertility-awareness (US-SPR 2024 Curtis)
  • Keep routine follow-up; recheck blood pressure if on the pill/patch/ring (US-SPR 2024 Curtis)
  • Tell your clinician before any new medication (some reduce contraceptive effectiveness) (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)
YELLOWMissed dose, late, or new symptom
If you have:
  • Late or missed pill/patch/ring or DMPA injection
  • New irregular bleeding or side effects
  • New medication started (e.g. seizure medicine, rifampin)
Do this:
  • Follow your method-specific missed-dose rule and use back-up (condoms) for the advised days (US-SPR 2024 Curtis)
  • Use emergency contraception if you had unprotected sex and missed doses — Cu-IUD/LNG-IUS most effective; ulipristal better than LNG; LNG less effective if higher body weight (Turok 2021; Glasier 2010; Stowers 2019)
  • Bleeding changes are common and usually not dangerous — contact your clinician if bothersome (US-SPR 2024 Curtis)
  • Ask whether a new medication lowers effectiveness (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)
Call your provider if:
  • Repeated missed doses or unsure about back-up
  • Bleeding that is heavy or persistent
  • New medication that may interact
REDStop estrogen / seek urgent care
If you have:
  • New headache WITH visual aura while on the pill/patch/ring (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen; Tepper 2016)
  • Calf swelling/pain, sudden shortness of breath or chest pain (possible clot) (Lidegaard 2012)
  • Sudden severe headache, weakness, or speech/vision change (possible stroke)
  • Severe abdominal pain with an IUD or possible pregnancy (rule out ectopic)
Do this:
  • Stop the combined (estrogen) method now and seek urgent medical care
  • Go to the emergency department for clot, stroke, or severe abdominal-pain symptoms
  • Tell the clinicians which contraceptive you use
Call your provider if:
  • Always seek emergency care for clot/stroke symptoms or severe abdominal pain with an IUD or possible pregnancy (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Migraine WITH aura at any age while using or requesting combined hormonal contraception — US-MEC category 4 (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen; Tepper 2016)
  • Age ≥35 years AND smoking ≥15 cigarettes/day with combined hormonal contraception — US-MEC category 4 (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)
  • <21 days postpartum (or 21–42 days with additional VTE risk factors / breastfeeding) considering combined hormonal contraception — US-MEC category 3/4 (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)
  • Current/prior VTE, known thrombogenic mutation, or current anticoagulation with combined hormonal contraception — US-MEC category 4 (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)(life-threatening)
  • SBP ≥160 or DBP ≥100 mmHg with combined hormonal contraception — US-MEC category 4 (controlled HTN = category 3) (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)
  • Current breast cancer and any hormonal contraceptive method — US-MEC category 4 for all hormonal methods (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen)

5. Follow-up

Continuation support (LARC continuation is the dominant effectiveness driver — Winner 2012 CHOICE); timely removal/replacement at duration; perimenopausal transition planning (when to stop CHC, switch to non-estrogen or to menopause engine); return-to-fertility counselling (immediate for LARC/CHC; median ~10 mo delay after last DMPA); advance EC supply; re-assess goals (US-MEC 2024 Nguyen; US-SPR 2024 Curtis)

6. Sources

Guideline: CDC U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024 (Nguyen AT et al, MMWR Recomm Rep 2024;73[RR-4]:1-126) + CDC U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2024 (Curtis KM et al, MMWR Recomm Rep 2024;73[RR-3]:1-77); ACOG LARC/contraception; WHO MEC (aligned)

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39106314
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39106301
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21477680