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Patient handout

Menopause & vasomotor-symptom management (MHT & non-hormonal)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for menopause & vasomotor-symptom management (mht & non-hormonal). Your care team identified this based on: hot flushes / night sweats (vasomotor symptoms) in a midlife woman (nams ht 2022).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: vaginal dryness / dyspareunia / urinary symptoms — genitourinary syndrome of menopause (nams gsm 2020); cycle-length variability / skipped periods (menopausal transition) (straw+10 harlow 2012); established mht review / annual benefit-risk re-evaluation / de-prescribing visit (nams ht 2022).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
estradiol (transdermal patch / gel / spray)lowest effective transdermal dose (e.g. 25–50 mcg/24h patch), titrate to symptom controltransdermalpatch twice weekly / gel dailyNAMS HT 2022 — transdermal estrogen carries LOWER VTE/stroke signal than oral (no first-pass thrombotic activation); preferred route when any thrombotic/migraine/metabolic modifier present. rxcui 4096 = estradiol (in-repo validated, uro vaginal-estrogen dossiers); transdermal MHT-specific product code OMITTED (no in-repo precedent)
estradiol / conjugated equine estrogens (oral)lowest effective oral dose (e.g. estradiol 1 mg or CEE 0.3–0.625 mg daily)POonce dailyNAMS HT 2022 — effective for VMS; WHI used CEE 0.625 mg (PMID 12117397: CHD HR 1.29 [1.02–1.63], stroke 1.41 [1.07–1.85], PE 2.13 [1.39–3.25] at mean age 63 — drove the timing reinterpretation). Reserve oral when no thrombotic/metabolic modifier. rxcui OMITTED — no in-repo precedent for oral estradiol/CEE MHT products
micronized progesterone100 mg nightly (continuous-combined) or 200 mg ×12–14 d/mo (sequential)POnightly or cyclicalNAMS HT 2022 — endometrial protection is MANDATORY with systemic estrogen when a uterus is present; micronized progesterone preferred for the breast/metabolic profile vs MPA. ELITE used vaginal micronized progesterone with oral E2 if uterus (PMID 35474254). rxcui OMITTED — no in-repo precedent
medroxyprogesterone acetate / LNG-IUS (alternative progestogens)MPA 2.5 mg daily (continuous) or LNG-IUS 52 mg in situPO or intrauterinedaily or in situ (LNG-IUS up to 5 y)NAMS HT 2022 — alternative endometrial-protection progestogens; WHI CEE+MPA arm (PMID 12117397) is the canonical absolute-risk dataset; LNG-IUS gives local endometrial protection with the lowest systemic progestogen exposure. rxcui OMITTED — no in-repo precedent for medroxyprogesterone (consistent with gyn.abnormal-uterine-bleeding.core.v1)
tibolone (where available — synthetic STEAR)2.5 mg dailyPOonce dailyNAMS HT 2022 / IMS — single-agent option (not available in the US); not for women with prior breast cancer (increased recurrence). rxcui OMITTED — no in-repo precedent

Plan: Systemic menopausal hormone therapy — timing-hypothesis × route × mandatory-progestogen gated (NAMS HT 2022 PMID 35797481)

3. Your action plan

Use these zones to know what to do based on how you feel.

GREENStable — symptoms controlled, on plan
If you have:
  • Vasomotor symptoms well controlled on current regimen
  • No abnormal vaginal bleeding
  • Taking estrogen + progestogen (if uterus) / non-hormonal therapy as prescribed
Do this:
  • Take MHT (and the progestogen if you have a uterus) exactly as prescribed — do not skip the progestogen (NAMS HT 2022)
  • Keep your annual benefit-risk review and age-appropriate mammogram (NAMS HT 2022)
  • Continue vaginal moisturiser/estrogen for dryness — it works locally and is separate from MHT (NAMS GSM 2020)
  • Discuss any new medication with your prescriber
YELLOWCaution — symptoms returning or side-effects
If you have:
  • Hot flushes / night sweats returning or worsening
  • Breast tenderness, bloating, mood change, or irregular spotting in the first months
  • Missed doses
Do this:
  • Do not stop abruptly — book a review to adjust dose/route or switch therapy (NAMS HT 2022)
  • For night-predominant symptoms, ask about timing or a non-hormonal option (NAMS Nonhormone 2023)
  • Track symptoms and bring the record to your appointment
Call your provider if:
  • Symptoms not controlled after a reasonable trial
  • Persistent or new irregular bleeding beyond the first few months
  • Bothersome side-effects
REDMedical alert — stop and seek care
If you have:
  • Any vaginal bleeding after menopause (or unexpected heavy/persistent bleeding) (NAMS HT 2022; ACOG)
  • Calf pain/swelling, sudden breathlessness or chest pain (possible clot) (WHI PMID 12117397)
  • Sudden severe headache, weakness, slurred speech, or vision loss (possible stroke)
  • New breast lump
Do this:
  • Stop the estrogen and seek urgent medical care now
  • For suspected clot or stroke, go to the emergency department immediately
  • Tell the clinician you are on menopausal hormone therapy and bring your medication list
Call your provider if:
  • Always seek emergency care for clot/stroke symptoms; urgent review for any postmenopausal bleeding or new breast lump (NAMS HT 2022)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Unexplained / postmenopausal vaginal bleeding (on or off MHT) — endometrial cancer must be excluded before/continuing estrogen (NAMS HT 2022; ACOG)
  • New VTE, stroke, TIA, or acute coronary event in a woman on systemic estrogen (NAMS HT 2022; WHI PMID 12117397)(life-threatening)
  • Current/prior breast (or other estrogen-sensitive) cancer, or prior VTE/stroke/CHD, or active liver disease — systemic estrogen contraindicated (NAMS HT 2022; NAMS GSM 2020)
  • Systemic estrogen prescribed/continued WITHOUT a progestogen in a woman with an intact uterus (endometrial hyperplasia/cancer risk) (WHI PMID 12117397; NAMS HT 2022)

5. Follow-up

Long-term: there is no fixed mandatory stop date — continue for documented persistent VMS with shared decision-making and periodic re-evaluation; attempt taper/withdrawal trials and reassess. Bone health → cross-ref endo.osteoporosis.core.v1 (MHT is bone-protective but not first-line solely for bone if >60 y). Perimenopausal contraception transition (still fertile until 12 mo amenorrhoea / age ~55) → gyn.contraception-management.core.v1. CV risk modification; breast-cancer surveillance; return precautions (new bleeding, breast change, focal neurology, calf swelling) (NAMS HT 2022; Heiss 2008 PMID 18319414)

6. Sources

Guideline: 2022 NAMS Hormone Therapy Position Statement + 2023 NAMS Nonhormone Therapy Position Statement + 2020 NAMS Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause Position Statement; STRAW+10 (Harlow 2012); NICE NG23; ACOG / Endocrine Society / IMS aligned

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35797481
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36270315
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37252752