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gyn.pelvic-inflammatory-disease.core.v1

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) + tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA)

obstetricsacutesubacuteadultpregnancyacuteinpatientoutpatient

NEW dossier authored 2026-05-15 (shard-5-obped-id Phase C wave 5) — pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) including tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) phenotype; polymicrobial upper genital tract infection in sexually active reproductive-age women. Acute gyn emergency when TOA / sepsis features. Long-term sequelae if untreated: infertility (1 episode 12 %; 2 episodes 25 %; ≥ 3 episodes 50 %); ectopic-pregnancy risk 6-10× baseline; chronic pelvic pain 30-40 %. Backbone: CDC STI Treatment Guidelines 2021 (Workowski PMID 34292926) is the primary US canonical reference; ACOG Practice Bulletin 232 (2021) is the gynecology bulletin; WHO STI Treatment 2021 aligns globally; PEACH trial (Ness AJOG 2002 PMID 12015499) anchors the outpatient-acceptable-for-mild-moderate-PID consensus; CDC 2024 STI Treatment update anticipated (PMID NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW). Manifest reused from `prisma/seed/manifests/id.sepsis.core.v1.ts` per shard-5 Phase C wave 5 authoring instruction (nearest-ID precedent); dedicated PID manifest deferred to Phase D. Domain mapped to `obstetrics` — closest DossierDomain enum value (no `gynecology` enum; sibling gyn.ovarian-torsion.v1 uses same mapping). CDC minimum criteria intentionally LOW-threshold to prevent long-term sequelae: (1) sexually active reproductive-age female + (2) pelvic / lower-abdominal pain + (3) ≥ 1 of cervical motion / uterine / adnexal tenderness on bimanual exam + (4) no other identifiable cause. Additional specificity criteria: fever > 38.3 °C, mucopurulent cervical discharge or cervical friability, abundant WBCs on saline microscopy, elevated ESR/CRP, lab-confirmed cervical N. gonorrhoeae / C. trachomatis / M. genitalium. Outpatient regimen (CDC STI 2021): ceftriaxone 500 mg IM × 1 + doxycycline 100 mg PO BID × 14 d + metronidazole 500 mg PO BID × 14 d (metronidazole added 2021 to cover anaerobes vs older 2015 guidance which made it optional). Inpatient regimens (CDC STI 2021): Regimen A — cefotetan 2 g IV q12h OR cefoxitin 2 g IV q6h + doxycycline 100 mg PO/IV q12h; Regimen B — clindamycin 900 mg IV q8h + gentamicin (loading 2 mg/kg → maintenance) for beta-lactam allergy; Regimen C — ampicillin-sulbactam 3 g IV q6h + doxycycline. Pregnancy regimen (ACOG PB 232; CDC STI 2021): admit + ceftriaxone IV + azithromycin (avoid doxycycline + metronidazole first trimester). MFM consult + fetal monitoring per GA. M. genitalium macrolide-resistant pathway (CDC STI 2021): moxifloxacin 400 mg PO daily × 14 d with test-of-cure at 3-6 weeks. TOA management (ACOG PB 232): antibiotics × 7-14 d minimum; image-guided drainage by IR for TOA ≥ 7-8 cm OR failed antibiotic response at 48-72 h; laparoscopy / laparotomy if rupture (emergency). Repeat imaging at 48-72 h to assess size reduction. Severity triggers (10): pid_with_toa_at_diagnosis (severe — admit + IV + drainage decision); toa_rupture_emergent_or (life-threatening — emergent OR + ICU + routes to id.sepsis.core.v1); pid_in_pregnancy (severe — admit + IV ceftriaxone + azithromycin + MFM); outpatient_treatment_failure_at_72h (severe — admit + IV + reimage); iud_in_situ_with_pid_diagnosis (moderate — retain IUD if responding at 48-72 h, remove if not); severe_pid_with_sepsis_features (life-threatening — routes to id.sepsis.core.v1); pid_with_mycoplasma_genitalium_macrolide_resistance (severe — moxifloxacin pathway); hiv_coinfection_with_pid (severe — lower admission threshold); recurrent_pid_with_long_term_sequelae (moderate — fertility counseling + REI referral); expedited_partner_therapy_eligible (mild — CDC EPT regimen where legal reduces re-infection ~ 30 %). Bayesian linkage (documented in _briefs/gyn.pelvic-inflammatory-disease.core.v1.md): pre-test priors per CDC STI 2021 + ACOG PB 232 — PID in reproductive-age women in ED with pelvic pain ~ 5-10 %; TOA in PID admissions ~ 15-20 %; PID in pregnancy is rare (most PID is in non-pregnant patients). LR data: cervical motion tenderness + adnexal tenderness LR+ ≈ 4-5 for PID; TVUS adnexal mass with fluid LR+ very high for TOA; mucopurulent cervical discharge LR+ ≈ 3-4 additional specificity; abundant WBCs on saline microscopy LR+ ≈ 2-3; lab-confirmed GC/CT NAAT LR+ very high for PID etiology. Decision thresholds: T_treat = empiric broad treatment at CDC minimum criteria threshold (intentionally low to prevent long-term sequelae per CDC STI 2021); T_test = alternative dx workup if pain pattern atypical (e.g., ectopic, ovarian torsion, appendicitis). Cross-dossier routing: gyn.ovarian-torsion.v1 (ddx — sudden severe unilateral pain), ob.ectopic-pregnancy.v1 (ddx — always β-hCG first), gi.acute-appendicitis (ddx — if dossier exists), id.sepsis.core.v1 (sepsis features routing), id.hiv-initial.chronic.v1 (HIV coinfection management coordination). Phenotype matrix (severity × TOA presence yes/no × TOA size < 5 / 5-7 / ≥ 8 cm × pregnancy yes/no × pathogen (N. gonorrhoeae / C. trachomatis / M. genitalium / anaerobic / mycoplasma / mixed / unidentified) × recurrent yes/no × HIV co-infection × prior IUD insertion < 3 wk × pelvic surgery recent) encoded indirectly via severity_triggers + per-setting playbook drug logic + sibling_differentiation. First-class TS field for phenotype matrix is schema-blocked (cross-shard). GAPS: dedicated PID manifest deferred to Phase D (currently reuses sepsis manifest per shard precedent); RxCUI verification (npm run research:rxnav:validate) pending; dedicated PID duration test (14-d course) pending; M. genitalium macrolide-resistance pathway test pending. Prehospital pattern: sudden severe pelvic pain + sepsis features → EMS large-bore IV + pre-notify ED + gyn-on-call (encoded via severity_triggers). Registry registration (_registry.ts import) deferred to subsequent batch chore commit per shard-5 refined pattern (main session batches registry, this commit is dossier-only). 3-file set: dossier TS + brief MD + research-bundle MD.

Entry points (5)

  • symptom
    Pelvic / lower abdominal pain in sexually active reproductive-age female (CDC STI 2021 minimum criterion)
    pelvic_or_lower_abdominal_pain_reproductive_age_female
  • symptom
    Cervical motion tenderness OR uterine tenderness OR adnexal tenderness on bimanual exam (CDC STI 2021 minimum criterion ≥ 1)
    cervical_motion_uterine_or_adnexal_tenderness
  • symptom
    Mucopurulent cervical discharge or cervical friability (CDC STI 2021 additional criterion improves specificity)
    mucopurulent_cervical_discharge_or_friability
  • lab_abnormality
    Lab-confirmed N. gonorrhoeae / C. trachomatis / M. genitalium on cervical NAAT with pelvic symptoms (CDC STI 2021 additional criterion)
    positive_gc_ct_mgen_screen
  • imaging
    TVUS or CT showing tubo-ovarian abscess / fluid-filled tubes / pyosalpinx (ACOG PB 232; CDC STI 2021)
    tvus_or_ct_toa_findings

Required inputs (27)

  • agerequired
    demographic • used at CONTEXT
    Reproductive-age female with sexual activity is the eligibility frame (CDC STI 2021 minimum criterion 1)
  • sexual_activity_statusrequired
    symptom • used at CONTEXT
    Sexually active reproductive-age female is the eligibility frame; also drives partner-treatment + STI testing (CDC STI 2021)
  • pelvic_pain_quality_and_durationrequired
    symptom • used at ENTRY
    Bilateral lower-abdominal / pelvic pain typical; duration informs acuity (CDC STI 2021; ACOG PB 232)
  • cervical_motion_tendernessrequired
    symptom • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Bimanual-exam finding; one of the three CDC minimum criteria — low threshold to treat (CDC STI 2021)
  • uterine_tendernessrequired
    symptom • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Bimanual-exam finding; CDC minimum criterion (CDC STI 2021)
  • adnexal_tendernessrequired
    symptom • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Bimanual-exam finding; CDC minimum criterion + raises TOA suspicion if unilateral mass (CDC STI 2021; ACOG PB 232)
  • temperaturerequired
    vital • used at CONTEXT
    Fever > 38.3 °C is CDC additional criterion + drives admission threshold (CDC STI 2021)
  • sbprequired
    vital • used at RED_FLAGS
    Hypotension → sepsis pathway + SSC bundle; drives admission + ICU disposition (SSC 2021; CDC STI 2021)
  • hrrequired
    vital • used at CONTEXT
    Tachycardia component of qSOFA / SIRS + systemic-toxicity marker (SSC 2021)
  • pregnancy_statusrequired
    symptom • used at CONTEXT
    Pregnancy with PID is rare but mandates admission + IV abx + MFM consult + avoid doxycycline (ACOG PB 232; CDC STI 2021)
  • iud_in_situ_within_3_weeksrequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Recent IUD insertion (< 3 wk) raises PID risk; established IUD does NOT mandate removal if responding at 48-72 h (CDC STI 2021)
  • prior_pid_episodes
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Recurrent PID → fertility-counseling threshold + reproductive endocrinology referral + partner-screening adherence review (CDC STI 2021)
  • hiv_status_or_immunocompromiserequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    HIV coinfection raises TOA risk and lowers admission threshold; same regimens (CDC STI 2021)
  • recent_gynecologic_procedure
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Post-procedural PID phenotype (D&C, HSG, IUD insertion, biopsy); raises pathogen breadth toward Gram-negative + anaerobic (ACOG PB 232)
  • beta_hcg_qualrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Pregnancy test in every reproductive-age female — anchors ectopic ddx and pregnancy-specific PID pathway (ACOG PB 232; ACOG PB 193 ectopic)
  • urinalysis_with_microrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Ddx with UTI / pyelo and screen for pyuria (CDC STI 2021)
  • cervical_gc_ct_nucleic_acid_testrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    NAAT for N. gonorrhoeae + C. trachomatis (and M. genitalium where available) — pathogen-targeted therapy + partner notification (CDC STI 2021; ACOG PB 232)
  • wet_mount_saline_microscopy
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Abundant WBCs on saline microscopy is CDC additional criterion (CDC STI 2021)
  • cbcrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Leukocytosis as Eron-equivalent severity marker; baseline for inpatient course (CDC STI 2021)
  • esr_or_crp
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Elevated ESR / CRP is CDC additional criterion (CDC STI 2021)
  • creatininerequired
    lab • used at TREATMENT
    Antibiotic renal dose adjustment (gentamicin in Regimen B; cephalosporins) (CDC STI 2021)
  • lactate
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Sepsis bundle when SIRS / hypotension present (SSC 2021)
  • hiv_screen
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Mandatory STI panel at diagnosis (CDC STI 2021)
  • syphilis_serology
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Mandatory STI panel at diagnosis (CDC STI 2021)
  • hbv_serology
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Mandatory STI panel at diagnosis (CDC STI 2021)
  • tvus_with_doppler
    imaging • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Transvaginal ultrasound first-line imaging for TOA / pyosalpinx / fluid-filled tubes; bedside or radiology (ACOG PB 232; CDC STI 2021)
  • ct_or_mri_abdomen_pelvis
    imaging • used at BRANCHING_WORKUP
    CT/MRI if TVUS equivocal, suspected rupture, atypical presentation, or to differentiate appendicitis / diverticulitis (ACOG PB 232)

12-phase flow (12)

  1. 1FRAME
    Confirm sexually active reproductive-age female with pelvic pain — minimum criteria threshold per CDC STI 2021 is intentionally LOW to prevent long-term sequelae (infertility / ectopic / chronic pelvic pain). Treat broadly when in doubt.
    inputs: age, sexual_activity_status
    advance: scope confirmed: reproductive-age + sexual activity (CDC STI 2021)
  2. 2ENTRY
    Recognise pelvic / lower-abdominal pain + ≥ 1 of cervical-motion / uterine / adnexal tenderness on bimanual exam with no other identifiable cause (CDC STI 2021 minimum criteria)
    inputs: pelvic_pain_quality_and_duration
    advance: entry trigger present + minimum criteria threshold met
  3. 3CONTEXT
    Pregnancy status (β-hCG), IUD timing, HIV / immunocompromise, prior PID, recent gyn procedure, sexual partners + 60-day partner-treatment window, fever, tachycardia, additional CDC specificity criteria (CDC STI 2021; ACOG PB 232)
    inputs: temperature, hr, pregnancy_status, iud_in_situ_within_3_weeks, hiv_status_or_immunocompromise, prior_pid_episodes
    advance: phenotype matrix populated; severity tier prelim assigned
  4. 4RED_FLAGS
    TOA at diagnosis, suspected TOA rupture (peritonitis + free fluid + sepsis), pregnancy with PID, sepsis features, severe pain not tolerating PO → admit + IV + emergent surgical / IR for TOA rupture; routes to id.sepsis.core.v1 if sepsis features (CDC STI 2021; ACOG PB 232; SSC 2021)
    inputs: sbp
    actions: calc.qsofa
    advance: red flags addressed; surgical / IR engaged for TOA rupture; sepsis bundle initiated if applicable
  5. 5INITIAL_WORKUP
    β-hCG, urinalysis, cervical GC/CT (+ M. genitalium where available) NAAT, wet mount + saline microscopy, CBC, BMP, ESR/CRP, full STI panel (HIV, syphilis, HBV), TVUS for TOA / pyosalpinx (ACOG PB 232; CDC STI 2021)
    inputs: beta_hcg_qual, urinalysis_with_micro, cervical_gc_ct_nucleic_acid_test, cbc, creatinine, lactate, tvus_with_doppler
    actions: panel.cbc, panel.renal, panel.inflammation, panel.ua
    advance: workup sent; empirics started within 1 h if septic, otherwise once minimum criteria met
  6. 6BRANCHING_WORKUP
    CT or MRI if TVUS equivocal, rupture suspected, atypical presentation, or to rule out appendicitis / diverticulitis; image-guided drainage planning for TOA ≥ 7-8 cm or failed antibiotic response 48-72 h (ACOG PB 232; CDC STI 2021)
    inputs: ct_or_mri_abdomen_pelvis
    actions: workup.pelvic_pain
    advance: imaging conclusive; drainage decision made if TOA
  7. 7DIFFERENTIAL
    Ectopic pregnancy, ovarian torsion, ruptured hemorrhagic cyst, acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, endometriosis flare, UTI; in older / postmenopausal patients PID is rare — refocus on malignancy / diverticulitis (CDC STI 2021; ACOG PB 232)
    advance: mimics excluded or alternative pathway opened
  8. 8RISK_STRATIFICATION
    Mild outpatient vs moderate inpatient vs severe (sepsis + TOA) vs fulminant (TOA rupture); pregnancy → always admit; HIV co-infection → lower admission threshold per CDC STI 2021
    inputs: temperature, sbp
    advance: severity tier + disposition + abx regimen route (PO vs IV) set
  9. 9TREATMENT
    Outpatient mild-moderate: ceftriaxone 500 mg IM × 1 + doxycycline 100 mg PO BID × 14 d + metronidazole 500 mg PO BID × 14 d (CDC STI 2021; metronidazole added to cover anaerobes vs older 2015 guidance). Inpatient (Regimen A): cefotetan 2 g IV q12h OR cefoxitin 2 g IV q6h + doxycycline 100 mg PO/IV q12h. Inpatient (Regimen B, beta-lactam allergy): clindamycin 900 mg IV q8h + gentamicin (loading 2 mg/kg → maintenance). Inpatient (Regimen C): ampicillin-sulbactam 3 g IV q6h + doxycycline. M. genitalium macrolide-resistant: moxifloxacin 400 mg PO daily × 14 d. Pregnancy: hospitalise, ceftriaxone + azithromycin per ACOG PB 232 (avoid doxycycline). TOA management: antibiotics × 7-14 d; image-guided drainage if ≥ 7-8 cm or failed response 48-72 h; laparoscopy if rupture. Step-down to PO when afebrile + clinically improving 24-48 h. (CDC STI 2021; ACOG PB 232)
    inputs: creatinine, pregnancy_status
    advance: antibiotic regimen + dispo + partner-treatment plan set; source-control planned if TOA
  10. 10DISPOSITION
    Outpatient if mild-moderate, tolerating PO, no TOA, reliable follow-up at 72 h. Admit if TOA / pregnancy / sepsis / immunocompromise / failed outpatient / cannot tolerate PO / surgical emergency. ICU if septic shock or peri-rupture. (CDC STI 2021; ACOG PB 232; SSC 2021)
    inputs: sbp
    advance: level of care set
  11. 11MONITORING
    Reassess at 72 h on outpatient regimen — if no improvement, admit for IV + repeat imaging for TOA. Inpatient: trend fever + WBC + CRP; step-down to PO when afebrile + improving 24-48 h. TOA: repeat imaging at 48-72 h if no improvement; size reduction or persistence guides drainage (ACOG PB 232; CDC STI 2021)
    inputs: cbc, esr_or_crp
    actions: panel.cbc, panel.inflammation
    advance: response confirmed at 72 h or escalation triggered
  12. 12FOLLOWUP
    3-month retest for GC / CT for repeat infection (per CDC STI 2021). Partner treatment within 60 d via expedited partner therapy where legal. Fertility counseling — recurrent-PID linkage to reproductive endocrinology. Chronic pelvic pain management. Repeat HIV / syphilis testing per CDC STI 2021. Counsel on long-term sequelae (infertility 12-50 % cumulative, ectopic 6-10×, chronic pelvic pain 30-40 %).
    advance: follow-up plan + partner treatment + STI retesting plan documented