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Patient handout

Acute Leukemia (AML / ALL / APL)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for acute leukemia (aml / all / apl). Your care team identified this based on: leukocytosis with circulating blasts on smear.

Other reasons your team may use this plan: pancytopenia + blasts; bleeding / dic (concern for apl); hyperleukocytosis (wbc >100k) — leukostasis emergency.

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
all_trans_retinoic_acid45 mg/m²/day PO divided BIDPOBIDLo-Coco NEJM 2013; do NOT wait for confirmation; differentiation syndrome prophylaxis with steroid
arsenic_trioxide0.15 mg/kg/day IVIVdaily until remission then consolidationLo-Coco NEJM 2013 — chemo-free for low/intermediate; QTc monitoring
prednisone0.5 mg/kg PO dailyPOdailyPrevent dyspnea/fever/edema syndrome
idarubicin12 mg/m²/d × 4 daysIVdays 2,4,6,8High-risk APL adds anthracycline

Plan: Subtype-driven induction (ELN 2022 AML / NCCN ALL / NCCN APL)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Promyelocytes + DIC (low fibrinogen + high D-dimer + bleeding) (NCCN 2024 APL)(life-threatening)
  • WBC >100k + CNS / pulmonary / cardiac symptoms (NCCN 2024 AML)(life-threatening)
  • WBC >50k OR uric acid >8 OR LDH >2x ULN OR Burkitt-like (Cairo-Bishop 2004; NCCN 2024)
  • Fever ≥38.3 OR ≥38.0 sustained + ANC <500 (IDSA 2010)
  • On ATRA/ATO + dyspnea + fever + edema + hypotension (NCCN 2024 APL)
  • Back pain + neurologic deficit in leukemia patient (NCCN 2024)(life-threatening)
  • CNS symptoms or positive CSF cytology (NCCN 2024 ALL)
  • Fibrinogen <150 + bleeding + APL/sepsis context (NCCN 2024 APL)(life-threatening)

5. Follow-up

Consolidation + maintenance per protocol; MRD assessment; survivorship + late-effect screening

6. Sources

Guideline: ELN 2022 AML Recommendations (Döhner et al, Blood 2022) + 2024 ELN less-intensive-therapy risk refinement; APL0406 ATRA+arsenic (Lo-Coco NEJM 2013, final JCO 2016); VIALE-A azacitidine+venetoclax (DiNardo NEJM 2020); ELIANA tisagenlecleucel CAR-T (Maude NEJM 2018); NCCN AML/ALL/APL

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35797463
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32786187
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23841729