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Patient handout

Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI / CLABSI)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for catheter-related bloodstream infection (crbsi / clabsi). Your care team identified this based on: positive blood culture in patient with intravascular catheter (mermel idsa 2009).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: central-line blood culture flags positive ≥ 2 h before peripheral (dtp > 2 h; mermel idsa 2009); fever, rigors, or hemodynamic decompensation in patient with line (mermel idsa 2009); semiquantitative maki tip ≥ 15 cfu or quantitative ≥ 10² cfu at line removal (mermel idsa 2009).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
vancomycin25-30 mg/kg IV load × 1 → 15-20 mg/kg IV q8-12 h targeting AUC24 400-600 mg·h/LIVq8-12h (AUC-titrated)Mermel IDSA 2009 + Rybak ASHP/IDSA 2020 — covers MRSA + CoNS + most Enterococcus; AUC-targeted dosing is the 2026 standard (PMID 32191793)
cefepime2 g IV q8h (extended infusion 3-4 h preferred in shock)IVq8hMermel IDSA 2009 — anti-pseudomonal cover; most common empiric GNR partner; renal adjust for CrCl < 60
piperacillin_tazobactam4.5 g IV q6h (extended infusion 4 h preferred)IVq6hMermel IDSA 2009 — alternative GNR + anti-pseudomonal + anaerobic cover; useful when concurrent intra-abdominal source
meropenem1 g IV q8h (2 g q8h CNS / severe)IVq8hMermel IDSA 2009 — reserve for ESBL risk, septic shock, or local antibiogram resistance pattern; spare to minimise emergence
caspofungin70 mg IV load × 1 → 50 mg IV dailyIVdailyPappas IDSA 2016 — empiric echinocandin when Candida-risk factors present pending blood-culture speciation; routes to id.candidemia.core.v1 if Candida confirmed
micafungin100 mg IV dailyIVdailyPappas IDSA 2016 — alternative echinocandin; equivalent efficacy to caspofungin
anidulafungin200 mg IV load × 1 → 100 mg IV dailyIVdailyPappas IDSA 2016 — alternative echinocandin; no renal or hepatic dose adjustment
daptomycin8-10 mg/kg IV daily (12 mg/kg for VRE bacteremia per IDSA VRE 2014)IVdaily (q48h if CrCl < 30)Mermel IDSA 2009 + IDSA VRE 2014 — high-dose for bacteremia/IE; weekly CK monitoring per DailyMed daptomycin label; NOT for pneumonia (surfactant inactivation)

Plan: CRBSI empiric — vancomycin AUC + GNR cover ± echinocandin until pathogen known (Mermel IDSA 2009)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Staphylococcus aureus CRBSI confirmed on culture — requires mandatory line removal + TEE within 5-7 d + 14 d treatment if uncomplicated / 4-6 wk if endocarditis / metastatic (Mermel IDSA 2009; AHA endocarditis 2015 Baddour PMID 26373316)(life-threatening)
  • Candida species on blood culture in line-bearing patient — mandatory line removal + 14 d echinocandin + dilated fundoscopy within 1 wk + repeat at 2 wk (Mermel IDSA 2009; Pappas IDSA 2016 PMID 26679628)(life-threatening)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa or resistant Enterobacterales (ESBL, CRE, MDR) on culture — line removal required + targeted GNR therapy per susceptibility + ID consult (Mermel IDSA 2009)(life-threatening)
  • Blood cultures still positive ≥ 72 h on appropriate empirics + line in place — re-evaluate source: metastatic seeding, endocarditis, retained line, abscess (Mermel IDSA 2009; Fowler Arch Intern Med 2003)(life-threatening)
  • Fever + persistent bacteremia + venous thrombus on doppler / line-site fluctuance — line removal + anticoagulation + 4-6 wk antibiotics + vascular surgery consult (Mermel IDSA 2009; Crowley Chest 2008)(life-threatening)
  • Vertebral osteo / discitis / endocarditis / psoas abscess / brain abscess / hepatosplenic candidiasis emerging during CRBSI treatment — imaging + extended therapy (Mermel IDSA 2009; AHA endocarditis 2015)
  • CRBSI in patient with ANC < 500 / transplant / high-dose steroids / biologics — broaden coverage + remove line generally + ID consult; route to opportunistic-infection engine if applicable (Mermel IDSA 2009)(life-threatening)
  • Risk-stratification for TEE: S. aureus, Candida, persistent bacteremia, prosthetic valve, intracardiac device — mandatory TEE within 5-7 d (Mermel IDSA 2009; AHA endocarditis 2015 Baddour)(life-threatening)
  • CRBSI in dialysis tunneled catheter — vanco + cefepime per local antibiogram + line exchange via guidewire OR removal + new site; ID + nephrology + IR coordination (Mermel IDSA 2009; KDIGO vascular access 2019)

5. Follow-up

OPAT enrollment for prolonged-duration regimens; ID outpatient follow-up; re-line decision; prevention review (CHG bathing, daily-necessity assessment, full-barrier insertion); patient education on line care (Mermel IDSA 2009; CDC/HICPAC BSI Prevention; Norris IDSA OPAT 2018)

6. Sources

Guideline: Mermel IDSA CRBSI 2009 (Mermel et al, CID 2009 PMID 19489710) — canonical guideline; still operative in 2026. Supplemented by CDC/HICPAC BSI Prevention (O'Grady), ASHP/IDSA Vancomycin AUC Consensus 2020 (Rybak PMID 32191793), IDSA Candidiasis 2016 (Pappas PMID 26679628), AHA Endocarditis 2015 (Baddour PMID 26373316).

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19489710
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32191793
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26679628