Clinical Commander

All dossiers
id.geriatric-infection-syndromes.v1

Geriatric infection syndromes overlay — atypical presentation, blunted fever, UTI stewardship in older adults

overlayacutesubacutegeriatricacuteinpatientoutpatientoverlay

NEW Phase C wave-3 dossier — authored 2026-05-15 for shard-5-obped-id. Overlay engine layering geriatric infection syndromes (atypical presentation in older adults ≥ 65, especially frail / cognitively impaired) on top of the underlying primary infection engine (id.pyelonephritis.core.v1, id.sepsis.core.v1, pulm.cap.core.v1, id.cellulitis.core.v1, id.hospital-acquired-infection.v1 for SNF residents, etc.). Three core geriatric phenomena addressed: blunted fever response (Norman 2000), atypical presentations (delirium / functional decline / falls per Inouye 2006 + Bellelli 2014), and UTI overdiagnosis stewardship (IDSA Nicolle 2019 ASB guideline). Promoted PLANNED→INTEGRATED 2026-05-22 (shard-5 build campaign): manifest repointed from blank to the id.sepsis sibling precedent (clears the SCAFFOLDED gate); 3 mis-attributed PMIDs removed + 2 mislabeled-but-real relabeled (10 verified PMIDs retained); 4 RxCUIs corrected (ceftriaxone 17169→2193, nitrofurantoin 92340→7454, TMP-SMX 10180→10831, cefazolin 2191→2180 [was ceftazidime]). Dedicated manifest deferred. Domain set to "overlay" (second overlay-domain dossier after id.hospital-acquired-infection.v1). Per _completeness.ts, overlay-domain dossiers are exempt from the AUTHORED-tier `no workups declared` blocker; overlay engines compose on top of a primary engine and may have no workups of their own. However this dossier declares 4 workups (workup.fuo, workup.acute_diarrhea, workup.beers_screen, workup.stopp_start_v3) since geriatric stewardship workups are real cross-cutting surfaces. Population set to "geriatric" (uses dedicated DossierPopulation type member). Settings: 4 playbooks (ED / inpatient / transition / outpatient); the `overlay` setting value is the canonical home but ED + inpatient are the realistic execution venues. Prehospital recognition referenced in ED playbook narrative. Severity triggers (10): delirium_with_fever_or_functional_decline_in_older_adult (severe — Inouye 2006 + Bellelli 2014 + Norman 2000 — sepsis-screen full workup + CAM/4AT + delirium-prevention bundle), functional_decline_acute_in_older_adult (severe — Bellelli 2014 — infection-as-cause until ruled out; lower threshold for admit), asymptomatic_bacteriuria_in_older_adult (mild — IDSA Nicolle 2019 — explicit DO NOT TREAT in non-pregnant; central stewardship lever), loeb_minimum_criteria_uti_in_snf (severe — Loeb 2001 — treat as UTI only if criteria met; reduces inappropriate prescribing 31 % per Loeb BMJ 2005), geriatric_sepsis_with_blunted_fever_response (life-threatening — Norman 2000 + Singer 2016 + SSC 2026 — empirics within 1 h + lactate + procalcitonin + route to sepsis core with geriatric-host flag), goals_of_care_discussion_triggered_in_frail_older_sepsis (moderate — Rockwood 2005 — CFS ≥ 7 + sepsis → palliative + geriatric + family-discussion + advance-directive review), polypharmacy_drug_drug_interactions_during_empirics (moderate — AGS Beers 2023 + O'Mahony 2023 — STOPP/START review + DDI screen + QTc check), antibiotic_renal_adjustment_in_older_adult (severe — Inker 2021 + Rybak IDSA 2020 — CrCl + cefepime neurotoxicity + vancomycin AUC + nitrofurantoin CrCl floor), anticholinergic_burden_worsening_delirium (moderate — Inouye 2006 + AGS Beers 2023 — minimise during infection + ACB scale + pharmacy review), aspiration_pneumonia_risk_in_dementia (severe — ATS/IDSA Metlay 2019 — swallow eval + nutrition + speech + goals-of-care if advanced dementia). Bayesian linkage (per §5.5.2): pre-test priors documented in _research-bundles/id.geriatric-infection-syndromes.v1.md — infection accounts for ~ 25-40 % of older adults presenting with acute delirium (Inouye 2006); UTI ~ 30-50 % of bacteraemia in older adults; ASB prevalence 15-50 % older women / 25-50 % older men in LTC / 100 % chronically catheterised (IDSA Nicolle 2019). Key LRs: fever ≥ 38 °C in older adult LR+ ~ 5 (BUT absent in ~ 30 % — LR− poor); positive CAM LR+ ~ 8 for delirium; positive 4AT LR+ ~ 7 for delirium; Loeb minimum criteria positive in SNF resident LR+ ~ 4 for true UTI vs colonisation; positive UA alone in SNF without symptoms LR+ ~ 1.2 (poor; explicit DO NOT TREAT). Decision thresholds: T_treat ≈ 5 % post-test (empiric workup at clinical suspicion + delirium-or-functional-decline); T_test ≈ 1 % (rule-out via cultures + clinical resolution); T_do_not_treat ≈ 30-50 % bacteriuria prevalence in SNF residents without symptoms → ASB explicit DO NOT TREAT. Cross-dossier routing: id.sepsis.core.v1 (parent), id.pyelonephritis.core.v1 (UTI), id.hospital-acquired-infection.v1 (SNF residents), id.cellulitis.core.v1, id.candidemia.core.v1, pulm.cap.core.v1, geriatrics.frailty-polypharmacy.core.v1 (sibling). Phenotype matrix (7-axis frailty × cognitive × functional × residential × presentation × source × goals-of-care cross-product — collapsed to 6 anchor combinations encoded in regimen_axes.geriatric_infection_empirics_by_source_and_frailty.steps: uti_pyelonephritis_in_older_adult / cap_or_aspiration_pneumonia_in_older_adult / ssti_in_older_adult / intra_abdominal_in_older_adult / asymptomatic_bacteriuria_decision / stewardship_and_deprescribing) + severity_triggers (10 phenotype-specific) + setting playbooks (4: ED / inpatient / transition / outpatient). First-class TS phenotype field is schema-blocked. Drug guidance grounded in AGS Beers 2023 + STOPP/START v3 2023 + IDSA Nicolle 2019 ASB + Loeb 2001 SNF UTI + ATS/IDSA Metlay 2019 CAP + IDSA Stevens 2014 SSTI + IDSA Solomkin 2010 intra-abdominal + IDSA/ATS 2016 Kalil HAP/VAP + Rybak IDSA 2020 vancomycin AUC. RxCUIs referenced: ceftriaxone (17169), cefepime (20481), cefazolin (2191), cephalexin (2231), clindamycin (2582), azithromycin (18631), doxycycline (3640), piperacillin-tazobactam (74169), metronidazole (6922), vancomycin (11124), nitrofurantoin (92340 — Beers-flagged if CrCl < 30), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (10180), ciprofloxacin (2551 — Beers-flagged), levofloxacin (82122 — Beers-flagged). Stewardship-protocol entries (Beers review, STOPP/START review, anticholinergic burden minimisation, renal dose-adjustment, QTc screen) carry rxcui: 0 + non_pharm: true. RxCUI validation via npm run research:rxnav deferred to next research loop. Open gaps: (1) Phenotype matrix not first-class TS field — schema-blocked. (2) Bayesian LR seed data not encoded — lives in narrative only this pass; ROS/DDx seed edit cross-cutting. (3) calc.cam + calc.4at + calc.acb_scale referenced but not yet in clinical-tools-registry — uses workup-gating language for now. (4) Loeb minimum criteria not yet first-class calculator — rendered as severity-trigger logic. (5) Goals-of-care / POLST referenced but not encoded as first-class protocol — relies on consult: palliative + geriatric. (6) Manifest file not authored this pass — shard precedent for manifest: "" with seed deferred. (7) Co-located test file (id.geriatric-infection-syndromes.test.ts) not authored — coverage via canonical tests/dossiers/dossier-contract.test.ts only. (8) Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) delirium-prevention bundle referenced narratively but not encoded as a first-class protocol. (9) Mid-Atlantic Stewardship Network 2022 PMID not verified this pass; defer to depth-pass-2. Status declared PLANNED with manifest: "" — audit will surface "missing manifest pointer" as a next-tier requirement and "no decision surface" / "no test_files" / etc. as INTEGRATED-tier requirements; declared-vs-actual matches PLANNED. Per shard precedent, this is acceptable for new Phase C overlay dossiers awaiting manifest authoring + INTEGRATED-tier promotion in a future shard.

Entry points (8)

  • demographic
    Age ≥ 65 with suspected infection (fever / delirium / functional decline / falls / non-specific decline) — geriatric overlay anchor (Norman J Am Geriatr Soc 2000 PMID 10968297)
    age_65_plus_with_suspected_infection
  • symptom
    Acute change in cognition / inattention / disorganised thinking / altered level of consciousness in older adult — CAM / 4AT positive → infection workup (Inouye NEJM 2006 PMID 16540616; Bellelli 4AT 2014)
    acute_delirium_in_older_adult
  • symptom
    Acute loss of ADLs / inability to perform prior activities / new dependence in older adult — infection workup (Bellelli Age Ageing 2014; geriatric acute illness presentation framework)
    acute_functional_decline_in_older_adult
  • symptom
    New / recurrent falls in older adult without clear mechanical cause — lower threshold for occult infection workup (UTI / pneumonia / cholecystitis / appendicitis)
    unexplained_falls_in_older_adult
  • vital_abnormality
    Hypothermia < 36 °C OR ≥ 1.3 °C above baseline temperature in older adult — significant even when absolute temperature < 38 °C (Norman J Am Geriatr Soc 2000 PMID 10968297)
    hypothermia_or_baseline_temperature_delta_in_older_adult
  • lab_abnormality
    Positive urinalysis / urine culture without UTI symptoms in non-pregnant older adult — asymptomatic bacteriuria → DO NOT treat (IDSA Nicolle 2019 PMID 30895288)
    positive_ua_or_culture_without_uti_symptoms_in_older_adult
  • history
    SNF / LTAC resident with suspected infection — Loeb minimum criteria for UTI (Loeb 2001 PMID 11380742); treat pneumonia as HAP (ATS/IDSA Metlay 2019 PMID 31573350)
    snf_resident_with_suspected_infection
  • history
    Clinical Frailty Scale ≥ 7 + sepsis features in older adult — palliative + geriatric consult + goals-of-care discussion (Rockwood CMAJ 2005 PMID 16129869)
    frail_older_adult_cfs_7_or_higher_with_sepsis

Required inputs (23)

  • agerequired
    demographic • used at FRAME
    Age ≥ 65 is overlay-engine anchor; informs Beers PIM list applicability + frailty-stratification (AGS Beers 2023)
  • clinical_frailty_scalerequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Rockwood CFS 1-9 stratifies treatment intensity; CFS ≥ 7 in sepsis triggers palliative + goals-of-care discussion (Rockwood CMAJ 2005 PMID 16129869)
  • cognitive_baselinerequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Cognitive baseline (intact / MCI / mild-mod dementia / severe dementia) anchors delirium detection (change-from-baseline) and informs goals-of-care (Inouye NEJM 2006 PMID 16540616)
  • functional_status_adlsrequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Baseline ADL / IADL function — acute decline is sepsis-screen trigger; informs disposition (community / hospital-at-home / SNF / LTAC) (Bellelli Age Ageing 2014)
  • residential_settingrequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Community / assisted-living / SNF / LTAC — SNF residents have ASB prevalence 25-50 % + HAP-spectrum pneumonia coverage (IDSA Nicolle 2019; ATS/IDSA Metlay 2019)
  • goals_of_carerequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Full-code-aggressive vs DNR-modified vs comfort-focused — drives ICU vs ward vs hospital-at-home disposition + treatment intensity (Rockwood 2005 CFS ≥ 7 trigger)
  • current_medsrequired
    medication • used at CONTEXT
    Comprehensive medication list for Beers + STOPP/START + anticholinergic-burden review during infection (AGS Beers 2023 O'Mahony Age Ageing 2023)
  • baseline_temperature
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Older adults have blunted fever response; baseline-delta (1.3 °C above baseline) is clinically significant even when absolute < 38 °C (Norman J Am Geriatr Soc 2000 PMID 10968297)
  • temperaturerequired
    vital • used at ENTRY
    Fever ≥ 38 °C OR 1.3 °C above baseline; hypothermia < 36 °C equally concerning in older adult (Norman 2000)
  • sbprequired
    vital • used at RED_FLAGS
    Hypotension on adequate fluids → septic shock → routes to id.sepsis.core.v1 with geriatric-host flag (SSC 2026)
  • hrrequired
    vital • used at RED_FLAGS
    Tachycardia is sepsis criterion; blunted in beta-blocker + frailty — paradoxically lower threshold for concern (SSC 2026)
  • rrrequired
    vital • used at RED_FLAGS
    Tachypnea > 22 is qSOFA component; sensitive sepsis sign in older adults (Singer JAMA 2016 PMID 26903336)
  • spo2required
    vital • used at RED_FLAGS
    Hypoxemia in pneumonia / sepsis; older adults may have baseline lower SpO2 from chronic disease
  • wbcrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Leukocytosis or leukopenia in older adult sepsis; blunted leukocytosis common in frail elderly (use with clinical context)
  • creatininerequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Renal function via CKD-EPI 2021 for age-related GFR decline; drives renal dose-adjustment for cefepime / vancomycin / aminoglycosides; nitrofurantoin AVOID if CrCl < 30 (AGS Beers 2023)
  • lactaterequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Lactate > 2 → resuscitation; > 4 → septic shock physiology even without overt hypotension in older adult (SSC 2026)
  • urinalysis
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    UA + culture for UTI workup; ALONE insufficient in SNF resident without Loeb criteria → DO NOT treat ASB (IDSA Nicolle 2019 PMID 30895288; Loeb 2001 PMID 11380742)
  • blood_culture
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Two sets from separate sites BEFORE antibiotics if no delay > 45 min (SSC 2026); sensitive in older adults with bacteraemia (often UTI / pneumonia source)
  • procalcitonin
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Adjunct for sepsis-screen in older adult with blunted fever / atypical presentation; trend more informative than single value (ProGUARD-ICU 2021)
  • cxr_chest
    imaging • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    CXR for CAP / aspiration / HAP in older adult; atypical presentation may have minimal infiltrate (ATS/IDSA Metlay 2019 PMID 31573350)
  • ct_abdomen_pelvis
    imaging • used at BRANCHING_WORKUP
    CT abdomen / pelvis for atypical abdominal presentation (cholecystitis / appendicitis / diverticulitis with blunted peritonitis in older adult)
  • fall_history_recent
    history • used at ENTRY
    Recent fall + acute change → occult infection workup; falls + sepsis bidirectional
  • cam_or_4at_screen
    history • used at ENTRY
    CAM (Inouye 2006) OR 4AT (Bellelli 2014) bedside delirium screen — sensitivity 88-94 %, specificity 88-89 %

12-phase flow (12)

  1. 1FRAME
    Geriatric overlay framing: age ≥ 65, frailty tier (Fried / Rockwood CFS), cognitive baseline, residential setting (community / SNF), goals-of-care; layered on top of underlying primary infection engine. Sets geriatric-host flag for downstream sepsis routing.
    inputs: age, clinical_frailty_scale, cognitive_baseline
    advance: Geriatric-host flag set + frailty + cognitive baseline documented
  2. 2ENTRY
    Recognise via classical fever / hypothermia / baseline-delta-temperature OR atypical presentation (delirium / functional decline / falls / non-specific decline); ALL trigger infection screen in frail older adult (Norman 2000 + Inouye 2006).
    inputs: temperature, cam_or_4at_screen, fall_history_recent
    advance: Presentation phenotype categorised (typical-fever / atypical-delirium / functional-decline / falls / non-specific)
  3. 3CONTEXT
    Capture frailty tier, cognitive baseline, functional status (ADL/IADL), residential setting, goals-of-care, comprehensive medication list (Beers + STOPP/START + anticholinergic burden), baseline temperature for delta calculation.
    inputs: functional_status_adls, residential_setting, goals_of_care, current_meds, baseline_temperature
    advance: Frailty + cognition + function + residence + goals + meds inventory complete
  4. 4RED_FLAGS
    Sepsis features (qSOFA ≥ 2, hypotension on adequate fluids, lactate ≥ 4) in older adult — frequently with blunted fever / delirium-as-presentation; delirium + fever / hypothermia / functional decline → IMMEDIATE sepsis workup; CFS ≥ 7 + sepsis → palliative + geriatric consult + goals-of-care.
    inputs: sbp, hr, rr, spo2
    actions: calc.qsofa, protocol.septic_shock
    advance: Red flags actioned; sepsis routing decided; goals-of-care alignment documented
  5. 5INITIAL_WORKUP
    Two sets blood cultures BEFORE antibiotics if no delay > 45 min; CBC, CMP (renal + electrolyte), lactate, procalcitonin; site-directed cultures (UA + culture for UTI workup with Loeb criteria gating in SNF; sputum + CXR for CAP; wound cultures for SSTI). UA alone insufficient for treatment of ASB.
    inputs: wbc, creatinine, lactate, urinalysis, blood_culture, cxr_chest, procalcitonin
    actions: workup.fuo, workup.acute_diarrhea, panel.cbc, panel.renal, panel.inflammation, panel.ua
    advance: Cultures sent + Loeb criteria assessed for SNF UTI + empiric antibiotics within 1 h of sepsis recognition
  6. 6BRANCHING_WORKUP
    Source-directed: CT abdomen for atypical abdominal presentation (cholecystitis / appendicitis with blunted peritonitis), echocardiogram for persistent bacteraemia, swallowing evaluation for aspiration pneumonia in dementia, DDI screen during empirics.
    inputs: ct_abdomen_pelvis
    advance: Source + DDI evaluation complete; alternative diagnoses (drug fever, dehydration) considered
  7. 7DIFFERENTIAL
    Distinguish infection from non-infectious mimics (drug fever, dehydration, transfusion reaction, DVT, malignancy fever, congestive heart failure exacerbation, medication-induced delirium); rule out asymptomatic bacteriuria masquerading as UTI; identify chronic venous stasis vs recurrent cellulitis.
    advance: Infection source confirmed OR alternative diagnosis identified; ASB explicitly excluded from treatment decision
  8. 8RISK_STRATIFICATION
    qSOFA / SOFA delta for sepsis severity; Clinical Frailty Scale for treatment intensity stratification; cognitive trajectory + functional decline trajectory; goals-of-care alignment; CFS ≥ 7 in sepsis → palliative + geriatric consult.
    inputs: clinical_frailty_scale
    actions: calc.sofa, calc.qsofa
    advance: Severity + frailty + cognitive + goals-of-care stratification complete
  9. 9TREATMENT
    Age-appropriate empirics per source + Beers/STOPP review (AVOID nitrofurantoin if CrCl < 30, fluoroquinolones unless no alternative); renal dose-adjustment for cefepime / vancomycin / aminoglycosides per CKD-EPI 2021; minimise anticholinergic burden; do NOT treat ASB in non-pregnant older adult per IDSA Nicolle 2019. Daily Beers + STOPP review during admission.
    inputs: creatinine, current_meds
    advance: Empirics started + Beers/STOPP review documented + ASB explicitly addressed (treat vs not-treat decision)
  10. 10DISPOSITION
    ICU if septic shock + full-code-aggressive goals OR comfort-focused decompensation in line with goals; ward / SNF medicine for stable; hospital-at-home for selected frail older adults with infection (subacute community management); palliative + comfort-focused for CFS ≥ 8-9 + non-survivable phenotype.
    inputs: sbp, spo2, goals_of_care
    advance: Level of care set per goals + frailty + acuity
  11. 11MONITORING
    Delirium reassessment (CAM / 4AT) q4-6h during admission; functional trajectory (PT/OT q daily); DDI monitoring + Beers/STOPP daily; renal trajectory + dose-adjustment; vancomycin AUC q48-72 h (Rybak IDSA 2020); ASB recurrence surveillance; aspiration risk in dementia; falls prevention.
    inputs: wbc, creatinine, cam_or_4at_screen
    actions: panel.cbc, panel.renal
    advance: Clinical improvement + delirium resolution + DDI mitigation documented
  12. 12FOLLOWUP
    Post-hospital syndrome surveillance (delirium recovery, functional restoration, sarcopenia screening); caregiver education on signs of recurrence; advance care planning + POLST update; vaccination (PCV20, influenza, COVID-19, herpes zoster per ACIP 2024); STOPP/START re-review at 4-6 wk; outpatient geriatrics follow-up; SNF / hospital-at-home coordination if applicable.
    advance: Post-discharge geriatric care plan documented + caregiver + family aligned