Transient Ischemic Attack
Phase C shard-3 neuro expansion (2026-05-14): authored at INTEGRATED tier — manifest file forward-declared (does not yet exist on disk; PRODUCTION promotion requires manifest + RxNav-validated terminology). 8 phenotype severity_triggers span the full TIA pathway: high-risk ABCD2 ≥4 / low-risk ABCD2 <4 / crescendo / TIA + AF / symptomatic carotid ≥50% / mimic / DWI-positive minor stroke (re-route) / cryptogenic (extended monitoring). 5 setting playbooks: home (BE-FAST family recognition + 911) → ed (ABCD2 + STAT MRI/CTA + DAPT) → icu (rare; crescendo / basilar / hemodynamic AF) → inpatient (mechanism workup + CEA/CAS prep) → outpatient (rapid TIA clinic + 90-d / 12-mo follow-up). Schema-blocked downstream: calc.abcd3_i (ABCD3-I 0-13 with dual-TIA + carotid imaging), calc.dwi_aspects (DWI ASPECTS for minor stroke phenotype), calc.crystal_af_score (cryptogenic-source-likely score). Surfaced in depth bundle until clinical-tools-registry expands. Regimen axis encoded with 5 steps: aspirin loading → DAPT × 21 d for high-risk → ticagrelor + ASA × 30 d for CYP2C19 LOF → DOAC for AF (apixaban first-line) → lifelong lipid + BP + glycemic + smoking cessation bundle. Sibling differentiation maps to neuro.ischaemic-stroke.v1 (DWI-positive route), cardio.afib.core.v1 (AF source), neuro.migraine.core.v1 (complicated aura mimic), symptom.vertigo.v1 (posterior circulation overlap) — all sibling engines are PRODUCTION-registered. DEPTH-PASS-2 (2026-05-18, shard-3 neuro-sym CL-3): added the §5.5.2 Bayesian differential layer — 3 new ros-and-ddx seeds prisma/seed/ros-and-ddx/neuro.tia.v1.{ros,differentials,finding-lrs}.ts (12 ROS, 10 differentials with sourced pre-test priors, 27 finding×diagnosis LR rows + 3 conditional-dependency notes) auto-registered by the seed-ros-and-ddx readdir. Resolving cross-dossier routing edges by engine_id: neuro.ischaemic-stroke.v1 (DWI-positive minor-stroke re-classification + red-flag persistent-deficit route), neuro.first-seizure-eval.v1 (seizure+Todd mimic), symptom.syncope.ed.v1 (syncope mimic), symptom.vertigo.v1 (peripheral-vestibular mimic) — all four verified present as dossier files 2026-05-18. §5.5.1 quantitative tightening (effect sizes w/ units + PMID, all PubMed-MCP-verified 2026-05-18): ABCD2 2-d stroke 8.1/4.1/1.0% by band (Johnston Lancet 2007 PMID 17258668); ABCD3-I 2-d c-stat 0.90 vs ABCD2 0.71, NRI +33%, adjusted 7-d-stroke OR DWI+ 3.8 / carotid 4.7 / dual-TIA 3.3 (Merwick PMID 20934388; Kelly PMID 27751555); EXPRESS urgent-Rx 90-d stroke 10.3%→2.1% HR 0.20 (Rothwell PMID 17928046); CHANCE 90-d stroke 11.7%→8.2% HR 0.68 (PMID 23803136); POINT major haemorrhage 0.4%→0.9% HR 2.32 → 21-d cap (PMID 29766750); THALES 30-d stroke/death 6.6%→5.5% HR 0.83 (PMID 32668111); CHANCE-2 90-d stroke 7.6%→6.0% HR 0.77 (PMID 34708996); SPARCL recurrent stroke 13.1%→11.2% HR 0.84, mean LDL 73 vs 129 mg/dL (PMID 16899775); ARISTOTLE apixaban stroke/SE HR 0.79, major bleed HR 0.69 (PMID 21870978); CRYSTAL-AF ILR AF 8.9% vs 1.4% (6 mo) / 12.4% vs 2.0% (12 mo) (PMID 24963567); CEA NASCET/ECST pooled symptomatic ≥70% large ARR (NNT ~6) if ≤2 wk (Rothwell Lancet 2004 PMID 15043958); REDUCE PFO closure stroke 1.4% vs 5.4% HR 0.23 (Søndergaard NEJM 2017 PMID 28902580). PMID CORRECTIONS this pass (were-wrong-in-shipped-dossier, PubMed-MCP-resolved): THALES corrected to 32668111 (the previously cited 3257-9952 PMID is a COVID hyperferritinemia letter, wrong article); CHANCE-2 corrected to 34708996 (the previously cited 3449-0696 PMID is a pregnancy iron-preparation RCT, wrong article); PFO-closure placeholder (previously 2390-0119) resolved to REDUCE / Søndergaard 28902580. evidence.pmids + all inline rationale citations updated; full audit trail + per-PMID verified|basis table in src/lib/dossiers/neuro.tia.v1._research-bundle.md. _briefs/neuro.tia.v1.depth.md is out of this pass’s permitted edit scope and retains the old PMIDs (formally superseded by the research bundle; cross-shard depth-brief-reconciliation ticket logged). Special-population data (§5.5.1, encoded as guidance not new drug codes): (1) PREGNANCY — antithrombotic for TIA in pregnancy uses low-dose aspirin; therapeutic anticoagulation if cardioembolic uses LMWH (DOACs and warfarin generally avoided; warfarin teratogenic weeks 6-12), co-managed with MFM (AHA/ASA 2021). (2) ELDERLY — bleeding risk dominates; assess HAS-BLED, optimise modifiable factors (BP, alcohol, concomitant NSAID/antiplatelet); HAS-BLED ≥3 does NOT contraindicate anticoagulation but flags closer follow-up; LAAO if absolute AC contraindication (2024 ESC AF PMID 39210723). (3) CKD — DOAC dose adjustment is by Cockcroft-Gault CREATININE CLEARANCE, NOT CKD-EPI eGFR (trials enrolled/dosed by CrCl): apixaban 2.5 mg BID if ≥2 of age ≥80 / weight ≤60 kg / serum Cr ≥1.5 mg/dL (ARISTOTLE criteria PMID 21870978), NOT an eGFR cutoff. (4) CYP2C19 LOF — clopidogrel is a prodrug; LOF carriers (~25-50% East Asian, ~30% White) have reduced active metabolite → prefer ticagrelor + ASA × 30 d over clopidogrel + ASA per CHANCE-2 (PMID 34708996) / THALES (PMID 32668111). Guideline delta (§5.5.1): 2024 ESC AF (PMID 39210723) replaces CHA2DS2-VASc with CHA2DS2-VA (sex/Sc dropped) — clinically moot here because prior TIA = +2 makes anticoagulation mandatory for every TIA+AF patient under both scores. calc.abcd3_i / calc.cha2ds2va / calc.crystal_af_score remain schema-blocked (not in clinical-tools-registry; registry edit out of shard scope) and are narrative- + finding-LR-encoded; cross-shard registry tickets logged in the research bundle.
Entry points (6)
- symptomTransient focal neurological deficit fully resolved at presentation (AHA/ASA 2021)transient_focal_deficit_resolved
- symptomTransient aphasia / dysarthria resolved (AHA/ASA 2021)transient_aphasia
- symptomTransient hemiparesis / facial droop resolved (AHA/ASA 2021)transient_hemiparesis
- symptomTransient monocular vision loss (amaurosis fugax) — anterior circulation carotid origin (AHA/ASA 2021)amaurosis_fugax
- symptomTransient posterior-circulation symptoms (vertigo + diplopia + dysarthria + ataxia) (AHA/ASA 2021)transient_vertigo_diplopia_dysarthria
- historyRecurrent or crescendo TIA — admit always (AHA/ASA 2021 Class I)recurrent_or_crescendo_tia
Required inputs (20)
- agerequireddemographic • used at CONTEXTABCD2 / ABCD3-I age criterion ≥60 = +1 point; age guides anticoagulation bleed risk (AHA/ASA 2021)
- symptom_onset_timerequiredsymptom • used at FRAMETIA defined as <24 h symptom duration; tissue-based definition requires DWI-negative MRI (AHA/ASA 2021)
- symptom_duration_minutesrequiredsymptom • used at RISK_STRATIFICATIONABCD2 duration: ≥60 min = +2, 10-59 min = +1; >24 h re-classifies as stroke (AHA/ASA 2021)
- speech_disturbancerequiredsymptom • used at RISK_STRATIFICATIONABCD2 clinical features: speech disturbance without weakness = +1 (AHA/ASA 2021)
- unilateral_weaknessrequiredsymptom • used at RISK_STRATIFICATIONABCD2 clinical features: unilateral weakness = +2 (AHA/ASA 2021)
- sbprequiredvital • used at RISK_STRATIFICATIONABCD2 BP ≥140/90 = +1; chronic BP control reduces recurrent stroke (PROGRESS perindopril-indapamide; 2025 AHA/ACC HTN)
- diabetesrequiredhistory • used at RISK_STRATIFICATIONABCD2 diabetes = +1; HbA1c <7% target post-TIA (AHA/ASA 2021; ADA 2026)
- prior_tia_or_strokerequiredhistory • used at CONTEXTPrior TIA flag — ABCD3 (CHANCE-2 Wang NEJM 2021 PMID 34708996) + dual TIA in 7 days adds urgency
- mri_brain_dwirequiredimaging • used at INITIAL_WORKUPDWI-positive on MRI re-classifies clinical TIA as minor stroke (~30% prevalence); routes to neuro.ischaemic-stroke.v1 (AHA/ASA 2021 Class I)
- cta_or_mra_head_neckrequiredimaging • used at INITIAL_WORKUPIdentifies symptomatic carotid stenosis ≥50% (CEA/CAS within 14 d per NASCET/AHA/ASA 2021 Class I) and intracranial atherosclerosis
- carotid_dupleximaging • used at INITIAL_WORKUPAlternative or adjunct to CTA for carotid stenosis screening (AHA/ASA 2021)
- ecg_telemetryrequiredimaging • used at BRANCHING_WORKUPECG + telemetry ≥24 h for AF detection; consider 30-day MCT or ILR if cryptogenic (CRYSTAL-AF Sanna NEJM 2014 PMID 24963567)
- tte_or_teeimaging • used at BRANCHING_WORKUPTTE for LV thrombus / valvular source; TEE if PFO suspected in young patient (AHA/ASA 2021)
- glucoserequiredlab • used at RED_FLAGSHypoglycaemia is a common TIA mimic — correct FIRST (AHA/ASA 2021)
- cbc_chem_coagrequiredlab • used at INITIAL_WORKUPBaseline labs for antiplatelet/anticoag initiation; platelet count + INR + Cr (AHA/ASA 2021)
- lipid_panelrequiredlab • used at FOLLOWUPLDL <70 (or <55 if very-high risk) target on high-intensity statin (SPARCL Amarenco NEJM 2006 PMID 16899775; 2026 ACC/AHA Lipid)
- hba1clab • used at FOLLOWUPDiabetes secondary prevention HbA1c <7% (ADA 2026)
- atrial_fibrillationhistory • used at TREATMENTAF source mandates DOAC; timing 1-3-6-12 day rule by NIHSS severity (2024 ESC AF; ARISTOTLE Granger NEJM 2011 PMID 21870978)
- cyp2c19_lof_statushistory • used at TREATMENTCYP2C19 LOF allele → consider ticagrelor + ASA in place of clopidogrel + ASA (CHANCE-2 Wang NEJM 2021 PMID 34708996)
- current_anticoagulantrequiredmedication • used at TREATMENTDOAC/warfarin/heparin on board alters Rx pathway; bleeding risk via HAS-BLED
12-phase flow (12)
- 1FRAMETransient focal neurologic deficit fully resolved + tissue-based TIA confirmation requires DWI-negative MRI (AHA/ASA 2021)inputs: symptom_onset_timeadvance: Symptoms resolved at presentation + duration <24 h documented
- 2ENTRYActivate rapid TIA pathway — ED door-to-MRI ≤1 h target if high-risk by ABCD2 (AHA/ASA 2021 Class I)inputs: ageadvance: TIA pathway activated
- 3CONTEXTCapture vascular risks + AF + prior TIA + medications + bleeding history; HAS-BLED inputs (AHA/ASA 2021)inputs: sbp, diabetes, prior_tia_or_stroke, current_anticoagulantadvance: Risk-stratification inputs captured
- 4RED_FLAGSHypoglycaemia, hypertensive emergency, ongoing focal deficit (re-classifies as stroke), seizure with Todd paralysis, complicated migraine, syncope — rule out mimics (AHA/ASA 2021)inputs: glucose, sbpactions: workup.acute_strokeadvance: Mimics excluded + deficit confirmed resolved
- 5INITIAL_WORKUPMRI brain DWI (≤24 h ideally), CTA or MRA head/neck, ECG + telemetry ≥24 h, CBC/CMP/coags, lipid panel, glucose, troponin (AHA/ASA 2021 Class I)inputs: mri_brain_dwi, cta_or_mra_head_neck, ecg_telemetry, cbc_chem_coagactions: panel.renal, workup.acute_strokeadvance: Tissue + vessel + cardiac workup back
- 6BRANCHING_WORKUPTTE for cardioembolic source; TEE if PFO suspected in young; 30-day MCT or ILR if cryptogenic per CRYSTAL-AF (Sanna NEJM 2014 PMID 24963567); hypercoag screen if <50 yo without RFsinputs: tte_or_tee, atrial_fibrillation, cyp2c19_lof_statusadvance: Mechanism workup matched to phenotype
- 7DIFFERENTIALTIA vs minor stroke (DWI-positive → route to neuro.ischaemic-stroke.v1) vs mimic (seizure / migraine aura / hypoglycemia / syncope / conversion) vs ongoing stroke (re-classify if deficit persists)advance: Phenotype assigned: high-risk / low-risk / crescendo / TIA+AF / symptomatic carotid / mimic / DWI-pos minor stroke / cryptogenic
- 8RISK_STRATIFICATIONABCD2 (Age, BP, Clinical, Duration, Diabetes) 0-7 → 2-day stroke risk; ABCD2 ≥4 = admit + DAPT; CHA2DS2-VASc for AF anticoag; HAS-BLED for bleed risk; NIHSS if any residualinputs: unilateral_weakness, speech_disturbance, symptom_duration_minutesadvance: ABCD2 + CHA2DS2-VASc + HAS-BLED documented
- 9TREATMENTAspirin loading 162-325 mg; DAPT × 21 d (ASA 81 + clopidogrel 75 with 300-600 mg load) for ABCD2 ≥4 per POINT/CHANCE; ticagrelor + ASA × 30 d for CYP2C19 LOF (CHANCE-2 PMID 34708996); DOAC for AF (apixaban first-line; 2024 ESC AF; ARISTOTLE PMID 21870978); high-intensity statin atorvastatin 80 (SPARCL PMID 16899775); CEA/CAS within 14 d if symptomatic carotid ≥50% (NASCET/AHA/ASA 2021)inputs: atrial_fibrillation, cyp2c19_lof_statusadvance: Antithrombotic + lipid + BP + mechanism-specific Rx initiated
- 10DISPOSITIONAdmit if ABCD2 ≥4 OR crescendo OR symptomatic carotid ≥50% OR AF newly detected OR unable to access rapid-TIA outpatient pathway within 24 h; otherwise rapid-access TIA clinic within 24 h (AHA/ASA 2021 Class I)advance: Disposition documented (admit vs rapid TIA clinic)
- 11MONITORINGIn-patient telemetry ≥24 h for AF detection; outpatient — MCT or ILR if cryptogenic; recurrent symptoms → ED (AHA/ASA 2021)inputs: ecg_telemetryadvance: Monitoring plan documented
- 12FOLLOWUPSecondary prevention: BP <130/80 (2025 AHA/ACC HTN); LDL <55-70 (2026 ACC/AHA Lipid); DOAC adherence; smoking cessation; HbA1c <7% if DM; mRS / NIHSS check; CEA/CAS surveillance if performed (AHA/ASA 2021)inputs: lipid_panel, hba1cactions: panel.lipidadvance: Secondary-prevention bundle on board + stroke clinic follow-up scheduled