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Patient handout

Acute red eye (undifferentiated triage)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for acute red eye (undifferentiated triage). Your care team identified this based on: acute ocular redness ± discharge, the undifferentiated chief complaint — the highest-yield primary-care/ed ophthalmic triage decision (johnson jama 2022 pmid 35699701; aao ppp conjunctivitis 2024).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: red eye with true ocular pain (deep ache/boring vs gritty foreign-body) — pain is the strongest single danger discriminator vs benign conjunctivitis (wills eye manual red-eye triage; aafp beaver compr ther 2001 pmid 11569323); red eye with reduced visual acuity and/or photophobia — the danger triad with pain; sight-threatening until excluded (aao ppp bacterial keratitis 2024; aao ppp anterior uveitis 2023); contact-lens wearer with an acute painful red eye — microbial keratitis until proven otherwise; never patch, never empiric steroid (stapleton ophthalmology 2008 pmid 18538404; maier dtsch arztebl int 2022 pmid 35912449).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
immediate_copious_ocular_irrigation_to_neutral_pHWills Eye Manual / AAO — alkali chemical injury is a true ocular emergency; immediate copious irrigation (≥1-2 L, e.g. saline/LR via Morgan lens) to neutral pH minimises stromal penetration and is the single highest-yield action; topical anaesthetic facilitates irrigation only.
topical_proparacaine_for_examination_only_not_dispensedAAO PPP Bacterial Keratitis 2024 — topical anaesthetic enables exam/irrigation but is NEVER dispensed (epithelial toxicity, masking of progression); single in-clinic instillation only.

Plan: Acute red-eye triage — immediate-harm-prevention + benign symptomatic care (definitive Rx routed by engine_id)

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Any danger-triad positive → same-day/same-hour ophthalmology routed by engine_id (Wills Eye Manual)
  • Fixed pupil + IOP↑ + halos → emergency, route ophtho.acute-angle-closure-glaucoma.core.v1 (AAO PPP Primary Angle Closure 2020)
  • Corneal infiltrate / contact-lens keratitis → route ophtho.microbial-keratitis.core.v1 (Stapleton Ophthalmology 2008 PMID 18538404)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Red painful eye + fixed mid-dilated pupil + steamy/hazy cornea + IOP markedly raised (often >40-50 mmHg) + halos/headache/nausea/vomiting (AAO PPP Primary Angle Closure 2020)(life-threatening)
  • Painful red eye + corneal infiltrate/ulcer with fluorescein uptake ± hypopyon, esp. contact-lens wearer or dendritic (HSV) pattern (Stapleton Ophthalmology 2008 PMID 18538404; HEDS Ophthalmology 1994 PMID 7997323)(life-threatening)
  • Deep ache + photophobia + perilimbal ciliary flush + small/irregular pupil + anterior-chamber cells/flare on slit-lamp; consensual photophobia positive (AAO PPP Anterior Uveitis 2023)
  • Severe boring/deep pain (often waking from sleep, radiating to brow/jaw) + violaceous deep scleral vessels that do NOT blanch with topical phenylephrine; frequent systemic vasculitis association (Tabbut J Emerg Med 2019 PMID 31353264)
  • Acute red painful eye + rapidly falling vision + hypopyon, within days-weeks of cataract surgery / intravitreal injection / glaucoma surgery / penetrating trauma (EVS Arch Ophthalmol 1995 PMID 7487614)(life-threatening)
  • Red eye + proptosis + painful/restricted ocular motility + lid erythema/edema ± fever ± diplopia ± reduced acuity (post-septal — distinct from preseptal cellulitis) (Papier Am Fam Physician 2007 PMID 18217520)(life-threatening)
  • Chemical/alkali splash, penetrating/blunt trauma with a soft eye / peaked pupil / Seidel-positive / 360° subconjunctival hemorrhage, or layered blood in the anterior chamber (hyphema) (Beal J Pediatr Health Care 2016 PMID 26948259)(life-threatening)

5. Follow-up

Benign causes: education + return precautions are the core deliverable — explicit "RED-FLAG return": new true pain, any vision drop, severe photophobia, halos, contact-lens-associated symptoms → immediate re-present. Contact-lens hygiene counselling (no overnight wear, no tap-water/showering in lenses, replace case) — the dominant preventable microbial-keratitis driver (Stapleton Ophthalmology 2008 PMID 18538404). Allergic: allergen avoidance + mast-cell stabiliser bridge. Recurrent HSV: suppression decision routed to keratitis engine (HEDS Arch Ophthalmol 2000 PMID 10922194). For routed dangerous cases, ownership transfers to the receiving engine.

6. Sources

Guideline: AAO Preferred Practice Pattern — Conjunctivitis (2024) + AAO PPP Bacterial Keratitis (2024) + AAO PPP Anterior Uveitis (2023) + AAO PPP Primary Angle Closure (2020) + Wills Eye Manual red-eye triage algorithm + JAMA Rational Clinical Examination (Johnson, Liu, Simel — Does This Patient With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis Have a Bacterial Infection?, JAMA 2022) + Stapleton contact-lens microbial-keratitis incidence (Ophthalmology 2008 / Eye 2011) + Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (Arch Ophthalmol 1995) + Herpetic Eye Disease Study (Ophthalmology 1994 / Arch Ophthalmol 2000)

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35699701
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18538404
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22134592