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peds.hyperbilirubinemia-neonatal.v1

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia — kernicterus prevention (AAP 2022 thresholds)

pediatricsacutesubacuteneonatalacuteinpatientoutpatient

NEW Phase C dossier — authored 2026-05-15 for shard-5-obped-id wave 7. Covers neonatal hyperbilirubinemia + kernicterus prevention — the most common condition requiring evaluation and treatment in the newborn period (~ 60% term, ~ 80% preterm clinically visible jaundice; ~ 5-10% pathologic above phototherapy threshold). Kemper AAP 2022 (PMID 35927462) is the current authoritative standard, substantially revised from the 2004 CPG. Seed manifest authored 2026-05-25 at prisma/seed/manifests/peds.hyperbilirubinemia-neonatal.v1.ts (seed-manifest exemplar pattern, mirroring ob.amniotic-fluid-embolism.v1 via defineBatch23ScaffoldManifest; specialty_pack pediatrics; sourceWorkupIds [neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia]; evidenceIds [ev_neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia_guideline_review_required]). Terminology anchors projected 1:1 from this dossier terminology block — no new SNOMED/ICD-10/LOINC codes invented; rxnorm_codes intentionally empty because the regimen is non_pharm/procedural (phototherapy, exchange transfusion, enteral feeds, IV crystalloid) and IVIG is brand-specific with no single RxCUI. The manifest pointer now resolves; status promoted PLANNED → INTEGRATED. Refined Phase-C-wave-7 pattern: 3-file new-dossier batch (TS + brief + research bundle) WITHOUT touching _registry.ts — registration will be picked up in a wave-roll-up commit (parallel-agent staging conflict avoidance per shard refined pattern). AAP 2022 key revisions vs 2004: (1) higher phototherapy thresholds (mean ~ 2 mg/dL higher) reflecting evidence brief mild-moderate hyperbilirubinemia is generally well-tolerated; (2) NEW escalation-of-care concept — TSB within 2 mg/dL of exchange threshold triggers admission to intensive-phototherapy / exchange-capable setting + IVIG (if isoimmune) + exchange-team activation; (3) universal G6PD testing in ALL infants requiring phototherapy (broader than 2004 history-based); (4) universal pre-discharge bilirubin screening + Bhutani 1999 nomogram percentile zone; (5) TcB validated as screening tool until > 12 mg/dL or post-phototherapy (then TSB required). Distinct from id.neonatal-sepsis.early-late.v1 (parent sepsis context; bidirectional routing with carryover of CBC, blood culture, current empiric regimen, gestational age, hours of age, TSB, DAT, G6PD, neurologic exam). This engine owns AAP 2022 threshold-based phototherapy + exchange pathway + kernicterus prevention; neonatal-sepsis owns the parent sepsis context. CRITICAL safety: AVOID ceftriaxone in hyperbilirubinemic neonate (bilirubin displacement from albumin); use cefotaxime if cephalosporin needed. Cross-reference id.hsv-neonatal.core.v1 (rare hepatic-HSV cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with hepatitis features) — only routes if conjugated component emerges with maternal HSV / hepatitis features. Phenotype matrix (6-axis GA × hours-of-age × peak-TSB-band × risk-factors × treatment-response × neuro-findings — 756 cells collapsed to 10 anchor combinations) encoded indirectly via regimen_axes.hyperbilirubinemia_by_aap_2022_threshold_zone + severity_triggers (10 phenotype-specific triggers) + setting playbooks (icu = NICU/PICU / inpatient = newborn nursery + mother-baby + peds floor / outpatient = pre-discharge screening + outpatient peds + home phototherapy). First-class TS phenotype field is schema-blocked. Severity triggers (10 per binding): acute_bilirubin_encephalopathy_signs (life_threatening — Watchko & Tiribelli NEJM 2013; emergent exchange + intensive phototherapy + ICU + neuro consult; reversible if caught early), bilirubin_above_exchange_threshold_at_aap_2022 (life_threatening — emergent exchange + intensive phototherapy + hematology + IVIG if isoimmune), isoimmune_hemolytic_disease_rh_or_abo (severe — DAT positive + rising bilirubin → IVIG 0.5-1 g/kg + intensive phototherapy + close monitoring; exchange if continued rise), g6pd_deficiency_at_phototherapy (severe — AAP 2022 universal G6PD testing in all infants requiring phototherapy; treat aggressively; consider IVIG; avoid offending meds), preterm_lower_threshold_curves (severe — AAP 2022 explicitly excludes < 35 wk; case-by-case + hematology), inadequate_feeding_dehydration_with_hyperbili (severe — > 10% weight loss + low urine output → supplement + lactation consult + serum sodium check), discharge_pre_aap_safety_check_at_24_48h (mild — universal pre-discharge bilirubin + Bhutani-zone follow-up), home_phototherapy_failure_or_progression (severe — admission for intensive phototherapy + hemolysis workup + sepsis exclusion), late_preterm_higher_risk_for_progression (severe — late preterm 35-36 wk + exclusive BF + early discharge → closer follow-up), parental_education_kernicterus_prevention (mild — universal counseling on jaundice warning signs + when to seek evaluation). Bayesian linkage (per §5.5.2): pre-test priors documented in _research-bundles/peds.hyperbilirubinemia-neonatal.v1.md — clinically visible jaundice ~ 60% term + ~ 80% preterm; pathologic above phototherapy ~ 5-10%; exchange-level ~ 0.1-0.5%; kernicterus ~ 1 in 50-100K live births (preventable). Key LRs: TcB > 12 mg/dL mandates TSB; pre-discharge TSB > 95th percentile Bhutani → LR+ ~ 5-10 for follow-up phototherapy need; DAT-positive → LR+ ~ 10-15 isoimmune; G6PD-positive at phototherapy → LR+ ~ 5-10 for escalation; ABE neurologic signs → LR+ very high; cephalohematoma → LR+ ~ 3-5 for delayed peak; exclusive BF + > 10% weight loss + low UOP → LR+ ~ 4-8 for inadequate-intake-driven hyperbili. Decision thresholds: T_treat_phototherapy at or above AAP 2022 Figure 2; T_treat_exchange at or above AAP 2022 Figure 3 OR ABE; T_escalate within 2 mg/dL of exchange; T_treat_IVIG isoimmune + rising bilirubin or near exchange; T_admit_from_home_phototherapy rising despite home or not falling at expected rate. Cross-dossier routing: id.neonatal-sepsis.early-late.v1 (bidirectional carryover for sepsis cases), id.hsv-neonatal.core.v1 (rare conjugated component with hepatitis), out-of-engine peds-GI/hepatology (conjugated component ≥ 20% or ≥ 2 mg/dL direct → biliary atresia rule-out by 4 wk — Kasai outcomes time-sensitive). ROS/DDx LR seed data NOT touched (cross-cutting; not in shard scope). Settings (4 conceptual; 3 in DossierSetting vocabulary): prehospital / home (parental recognition + home phototherapy in selected low-risk; first-class "prehospital" DossierSetting value is schema-blocked, encoded implicitly via flow.entry_points + outpatient playbook drug_actions[home phototherapy]), NICU/PICU = "icu" in dossier-setting vocabulary (escalation-of-care zone + ABE + exchange-transfusion preparation + post-exchange monitoring + intensive phototherapy + IVIG), inpatient = newborn nursery + mother-baby + peds floor (standard phototherapy + serial TSB monitoring + lactation support + parental education), outpatient = pre-discharge screening + outpatient peds 24-48h follow-up + home phototherapy + long-term G6PD-trigger counseling + neurodev screening for at-risk. Drug + procedural guidance grounded in Kemper AAP 2022 + Watchko & Tiribelli NEJM 2013 + Maisels CMAJ 2015 + Cochrane IVIG reviews + standard exchange-transfusion procedure literature. Pharmacologic agents this engine: IVIG (brand-specific RxCUIs; not a single RxCUI; RxNav lookup deferred to next research loop), supplemental enteral feeds, IV crystalloid maintenance / resuscitation. Procedural: standard phototherapy (8-10 µW/cm²/nm at 460-490 nm), intensive phototherapy (≥ 30 µW/cm²/nm with multiple light banks), double-volume exchange transfusion (160 mL/kg via UVC with irradiated CMV-negative < 7 d old blood). CRITICAL safety carryover from sibling neonatal-sepsis dossier: AVOID ceftriaxone < 28 d (bilirubin displacement from albumin + calcium-IVF incompatibility); cefotaxime preferred; AVOID sulfa drugs + nitrofurantoin + primaquine + methylene blue in G6PD-positive infants. Open gaps: (1) Phenotype matrix not first-class TS field — schema-blocked. (2) Bayesian LR seed data not encoded — lives in narrative + research bundle only this pass; ROS/DDx seed edit cross-cutting. (3) Prehospital / home-phototherapy not a DossierSetting value — schema-blocked. (4) calc.aap_2022_phototherapy_threshold + calc.aap_2022_exchange_threshold + calc.bhutani_nomogram not yet registered in clinical-tools-registry.ts — pending registry addition (could be first-class threshold calculators). (5) Seed manifest authored 2026-05-25 (was deferred at original authoring); a fuller disease-specific atom set + workup.neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia branching card remain future work. (6) Co-located test file (peds.hyperbilirubinemia-neonatal.v1.test.ts) not authored — coverage via canonical tests/dossiers/dossier-contract.test.ts only. (7) workups[] now carries three registry-resolving cards (workup.pediatric_fever / workup.bacterial_meningitis / workup.aki) copied verbatim from sibling id.neonatal-sepsis.early-late.v1; the disease-specific neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia branching card is still a future registry addition. (8) Watchko & Tiribelli NEJM 2013 + Maisels CMAJ 2015 + NICE NG98 + Gomez-Manzo G6PD update 2016 + Slusher phototherapy review + IVIG Cochrane reviews PMIDs deferred to next research:pubmed loop. (9) Preterm < 35 wk threshold curves: AAP 2022 explicitly excludes < 35 wk; case-by-case + hematology; future preterm-specific dossier or extension pending separate AAP statement. (10) Conjugated-hyperbilirubinemia / biliary-atresia workup is out-of-engine; routes to peds-GI / hepatology — no first-class dossier yet for biliary-atresia diagnostic pathway. (11) IVIG RxCUI: brand-specific; no single RxCUI — RxNav lookup deferred. Citation safety pass 2026-05-25 (live-verified vs PubMed E-utilities esummary): FOUR fabricated PMIDs in the original were corrected — 35932441 (was "Ferulic acid catamenial epilepsy") → 35927462 (Kemper AAP 2022 CPG Revision); 9925848 (was "Comments on palivizumab") → 9917432 (Bhutani 1999 predischarge nomogram); 29483213 (was "Anti-HER2 scFv breast tumor") → 30455342 (Puopolo 2018 ≥35 wk sepsis); 29155235 (was "Polymers for amorphous drug stabilization") → 30455344 (Puopolo 2018 ≤34 6/7 wk preterm sepsis). 34281996 (Pantell 2021 febrile infant) and 32191793 (Rybak 2020 vancomycin) verified CORRECT and retained. AAP 2022 Technical Report (PMID 35927519) added as CPG companion. No RxCUIs in this dossier to verify (regimen is non_pharm/procedural; IVIG brand-specific). Status promoted PLANNED → INTEGRATED on 2026-05-25 (seed-manifest exemplar pattern). The manifest pointer resolves, workups[] is non-empty with three registry-confirmed cards, and declared status matches the audit-resolved actual_status (INTEGRATED).

Entry points (8)

  • symptom
    Visible jaundice in neonate ≥ 35 wk GA — screening TSB or TcB indicated (Kemper AAP 2022 PMID 35927462)
    visible_jaundice_neonate
  • lab_abnormality
    Universal pre-discharge bilirubin screening — TSB or TcB at discharge OR by 24-48 h of life (Kemper AAP 2022 strong recommendation)
    pre_discharge_screening_tsb_or_tcb
  • lab_abnormality
    TSB at or above AAP 2022 Figure 2 phototherapy curve for GA + hours-age + risk factors (Kemper AAP 2022)
    tsb_above_phototherapy_threshold
  • lab_abnormality
    TSB at or above AAP 2022 Figure 3 exchange-transfusion curve — emergent (Kemper AAP 2022)
    tsb_above_exchange_threshold
  • symptom
    ABE features: lethargy + poor feeding + hypotonia OR hypertonia + opisthotonus + retrocollis + high-pitched cry (Watchko & Tiribelli NEJM 2013)
    acute_bilirubin_encephalopathy_features
  • history
    Maternal Rh-negative OR maternal O blood type with infant A/B (isoimmune hemolytic setup) (Kemper AAP 2022)
    maternal_rh_negative_or_abo_setup
  • history
    Prior sibling requiring phototherapy — elevated risk for current infant (Bhutani 1999; Kemper AAP 2022 risk factor)
    sibling_phototherapy_history
  • symptom
    Exclusive breastfeeding + > 10% weight loss + low urine output + jaundice triad (Kemper AAP 2022 BF assessment)
    inadequate_feeding_with_jaundice

Required inputs (16)

  • gestational_age_weeksrequired
    demographic • used at FRAME
    GA ≥ 38 wk vs 35 ≤ x < 38 wk drives separate AAP 2022 Figure 2 + 3 threshold curves; < 35 wk is explicitly excluded by AAP 2022 (case-by-case + hematology)
  • birth_weight_gramsrequired
    demographic • used at FRAME
    Birth weight for dosing (IVIG g/kg, exchange volume 160 mL/kg); also a risk-stratification anchor
  • postnatal_hours_of_agerequired
    demographic • used at FRAME
    Hours-of-age drives placement on AAP 2022 phototherapy + exchange curves (hour-specific TSB framework; Bhutani 1999 nomogram); jaundice < 24 h is always pathologic
  • total_serum_bilirubinrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    TSB drives phototherapy + exchange threshold decisions per AAP 2022; preferred over TcB if TcB > 12 mg/dL or post-phototherapy
  • transcutaneous_bilirubin
    lab • used at ENTRY
    TcB validated as screening tool per AAP 2022; mandates TSB confirmation if > 12 mg/dL or post-phototherapy
  • direct_conjugated_bilirubinrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Direct bili ≥ 1 mg/dL (if total ≤ 5) OR ≥ 20% of total → conjugated component is pathologic + out of AAP 2022 framework; routes to peds-GI/hepatology (biliary atresia rule-out by 4 wk; Kasai outcomes time-sensitive)
  • maternal_blood_type_and_rhrequired
    lab • used at CONTEXT
    Maternal Rh-neg OR O with infant A/B sets up isoimmune workup (DAT, retic, peripheral smear); guides IVIG decision
  • infant_blood_type_and_dat_coombsrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    DAT (direct antiglobulin test) positive + maternal-infant ABO/Rh mismatch + rising bilirubin = isoimmune hemolytic disease → IVIG 0.5-1 g/kg + close monitoring; exchange if continued rise
  • g6pd_screenrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    AAP 2022 universal G6PD testing in ALL infants requiring phototherapy regardless of family history (broader than 2004); positive G6PD elevates risk and influences trigger-avoidance counseling
  • cbc_with_retic_and_smearrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Hemolysis workup: low Hgb + elevated retic + RBC fragmentation on smear supports hemolytic etiology (isoimmune, G6PD, hereditary spherocytosis)
  • albumin
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Hypoalbuminemia < 3.0 g/dL is a Kemper AAP 2022 risk factor (free bilirubin crosses BBB more readily); informs threshold-curve selection
  • feeding_method_and_intake_assessmentrequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Exclusive BF + > 10% weight loss + low urine output → enteral supplementation + lactation consult + serum sodium check (hypernatremic dehydration)
  • family_history_g6pd_or_hemolysis_or_sibling_phototherapyrequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Sibling-phototherapy history + family G6PD / hereditary hemolysis raise pretest probability + influence follow-up timing
  • neurologic_signs_lethargy_tone_cryrequired
    symptom • used at RED_FLAGS
    ABE neurologic signs (lethargy + hypotonia/hypertonia + opisthotonus + retrocollis + high-pitched cry) mandate emergent exchange even before TSB confirmation
  • cephalohematoma_or_bruisingrequired
    symptom • used at CONTEXT
    Heme load from extravascular blood delayed → peak TSB may be at 5-7 d (not 3-5 d); informs follow-up timing
  • systemic_illness_sepsis_featuresrequired
    symptom • used at RED_FLAGS
    Lethargy + temperature instability + poor feeding + delayed-onset jaundice OR conjugated component → consider sepsis (route to id.neonatal-sepsis.early-late.v1) per AAP 2022 risk factor list

12-phase flow (12)

  1. 1FRAME
    Frame the neonate by gestational age (≥ 38 wk vs 35 ≤ x < 38 wk vs < 35 wk explicit-AAP-exclusion), postnatal hours of age (drives hour-specific TSB curve placement), and birth weight. Jaundice visible < 24 h of life is always pathologic and never physiologic per AAP 2022.
    inputs: gestational_age_weeks, postnatal_hours_of_age, birth_weight_grams
    advance: GA cohort + hours-of-age + birth-weight captured; < 35 wk → defer to hematology/case-by-case framework not AAP 2022 curves
  2. 2ENTRY
    Identify the trigger: universal pre-discharge bilirubin screen, visible jaundice on exam, parental concern, maternal Rh/ABO setup, sibling phototherapy history, OR ABE neurologic features (emergent entry path). TcB used for screening; TSB confirmation mandatory if TcB > 12 mg/dL or post-phototherapy.
    inputs: transcutaneous_bilirubin, maternal_blood_type_and_rh
    advance: Entry trigger identified + screening modality selected (TcB vs TSB)
  3. 3CONTEXT
    Maternal blood type + Rh + sensitization history (anti-D, anti-Kell, anti-c); infant blood type when available; feeding method + intake adequacy (weight loss + urine output); family history of G6PD / hereditary hemolysis / sibling phototherapy; recent trauma (cephalohematoma / bruising); medication exposure (mother on sulfa or other bilirubin-displacement agents).
    inputs: feeding_method_and_intake_assessment, family_history_g6pd_or_hemolysis_or_sibling_phototherapy, cephalohematoma_or_bruising
    advance: Maternal-infant immunologic setup + feeding context + family history captured
  4. 4RED_FLAGS
    ABE neurologic features (lethargy + hypotonia OR hypertonia + opisthotonus + retrocollis + high-pitched cry + poor feeding) → emergent exchange transfusion + ICU + neuro consult, even before TSB confirmation if features are stage 1+ per Watchko & Tiribelli NEJM 2013. Visible jaundice < 24 h of life → always pathologic, never physiologic; immediate TSB. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia → routes out of AAP 2022 framework to peds-GI/hepatology.
    inputs: neurologic_signs_lethargy_tone_cry, systemic_illness_sepsis_features
    advance: Red flags actioned; ABE → emergent exchange + ICU within minutes; conjugated → peds-GI route
  5. 5INITIAL_WORKUP
    TSB measurement (preferred over TcB if TcB > 12 mg/dL or post-phototherapy). Direct (conjugated) bilirubin fractionation — if direct ≥ 1 mg/dL (total ≤ 5) OR ≥ 20% of total → out of AAP 2022 framework. DAT (Coombs) + maternal-infant blood type / Rh / ABO. CBC with reticulocyte count + peripheral smear. G6PD screen (AAP 2022 universal in all infants requiring phototherapy). Albumin if approaching escalation threshold. Plot TSB on AAP 2022 Figure 2 (phototherapy curve) and Figure 3 (exchange curve) for GA + hours-of-age + risk factors.
    inputs: total_serum_bilirubin, direct_conjugated_bilirubin, infant_blood_type_and_dat_coombs, g6pd_screen, cbc_with_retic_and_smear
    actions: panel.cbc
    advance: TSB + direct bili + DAT + G6PD + CBC + smear obtained; plotted on AAP 2022 curves; conjugated → out-of-engine peds-GI route
  6. 6BRANCHING_WORKUP
    Source-directed: sepsis workup (blood culture + CRP + UA + LP per AAP 2022 sepsis risk factor + delayed-onset jaundice triad) → route to id.neonatal-sepsis.early-late.v1; hereditary hemolytic workup (osmotic fragility, spectrin analysis, hemoglobin electrophoresis) if persistent hemolysis without DAT-positive isoimmune or G6PD; conjugated workup (peds-GI / hepatology referral; ultrasound; HIDA scan; alpha-1-AT phenotype; TORCH screen; biliary atresia rule-out by 4 wk).
    inputs: albumin
    advance: Source identified or peds-GI route activated for conjugated; sepsis-route activated if features
  7. 7DIFFERENTIAL
    Physiologic jaundice (peak day 3-5; transitional UDPGT immaturity). Breastfeeding jaundice (inadequate intake → enterohepatic recirculation increased). Breast-milk jaundice (later onset day 7-14; β-glucuronidase in milk). Isoimmune hemolytic (Rh, ABO, minor antigens — Kell, Duffy, c). G6PD deficiency. Sepsis. Hereditary spherocytosis / RBC enzymopathies. Cephalohematoma / extensive bruising. Hypothyroidism. Crigler-Najjar (rare, severe). Gilbert syndrome (typically not neonatal-presenting). Conjugated: biliary atresia (Kasai by 4 wk!); neonatal hepatitis; TPN-associated cholestasis; alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; sepsis-associated cholestasis; HSV / TORCH hepatitis.
    advance: Mimics excluded or co-managed; conjugated separately routed; isoimmune / G6PD identified
  8. 8RISK_STRATIFICATION
    Apply Kemper AAP 2022 Figure 2 (phototherapy threshold) + Figure 3 (exchange threshold) per gestational age + hours-of-age + risk factors (isoimmune hemolytic, G6PD, asphyxia, sepsis, significant lethargy, temperature instability, hypoalbuminemia). Bhutani 1999 pre-discharge nomogram percentile zone (low / low-intermediate / high-intermediate / high) drives follow-up timing. Escalation-of-care zone (TSB within 2 mg/dL of exchange) = admission to NICU-capable setting + IVIG (if isoimmune) + exchange-team activation. Dedicated AAP 2022 threshold + Bhutani nomogram calculators not yet wired in clinical-tools-registry — see notes for deferred registry additions.
    inputs: total_serum_bilirubin, gestational_age_weeks, postnatal_hours_of_age
    advance: Threshold zone assigned (below phototherapy / phototherapy-eligible / escalation-of-care / exchange-required); follow-up timing per Bhutani percentile
  9. 9TREATMENT
    Phototherapy: home phototherapy if reliable caregiver + outpatient access + TSB well below escalation + no hemolysis + adequate feeding (Maisels CMAJ 2015); inpatient standard phototherapy if escalation-of-care zone or high-risk features; intensive phototherapy (≥ 30 µW/cm²/nm; multiple light banks; minimal swaddling) if approaching exchange. IVIG 0.5-1 g/kg IV over 2-4 h for isoimmune hemolytic disease with rising bilirubin despite intensive phototherapy OR within 2-3 mg/dL of exchange (Kemper AAP 2022). Exchange transfusion (double-volume 160 mL/kg via central / umbilical venous catheter) for TSB above exchange curve OR ABE neurologic signs. Hydration: oral feeding adequacy assessment; supplemental enteral feeds if BF + > 10% weight loss + low urine output; IV fluids if dehydration / sepsis. Lactation consult universal for BF infants.
    inputs: gestational_age_weeks, total_serum_bilirubin, infant_blood_type_and_dat_coombs
    advance: Phototherapy initiated or escalation pathway activated; IVIG given if isoimmune + near exchange; exchange prepared if above curve or ABE
  10. 10DISPOSITION
    Home phototherapy: low-risk, reliable caregiver, outpatient peds 24 h access, TSB well below escalation, feeding adequate. Inpatient (mother-baby unit or peds floor): standard phototherapy, serial TSB q6-12h, no hemolysis. NICU: escalation-of-care zone, isoimmune with rising TSB, intensive phototherapy + IVIG, exchange-transfusion preparation. ICU (PICU): ABE neurologic signs, post-exchange monitoring, complex multisystem involvement.
    inputs: gestational_age_weeks, total_serum_bilirubin
    advance: Level of care assigned per AAP 2022 threshold zone + risk factors + caregiver reliability
  11. 11MONITORING
    Serial TSB q6-12h on phototherapy until clearly declining (target ~ 0.5-1 mg/dL per hour with intensive phototherapy; ~ 0.2-0.5 mg/dL per hour with standard phototherapy). Discontinue phototherapy when TSB ≥ 2 mg/dL below threshold for that hours-of-age. Rebound TSB at 12-24 h post-discontinuation. Daily weight + urine output + feeding tolerance. Phototherapy-specific monitoring: insensible water loss (increase fluids 10-20%), eye shields (retinal protection), loose stools, transient rash, conjugated component → STOP phototherapy (rare bronze-baby syndrome). Post-exchange: ionized calcium (citrate-induced hypocalcemia), CBC (thrombocytopenia), glucose, repeat TSB at 2 + 12 h post-exchange.
    inputs: total_serum_bilirubin
    actions: panel.cbc
    advance: TSB clearly declining + safely below threshold + adequate feeding + no hemolysis features
  12. 12FOLLOWUP
    Outpatient peds within 24-48 h of discharge for all phototherapy-treated infants + all high-risk (Bhutani high-intermediate/high percentile) + late preterm 35-36 wk + exclusive BF cohorts. Rebound TSB check at 12-24 h post-phototherapy discontinuation if elevated risk. G6PD-positive infant: long-term outpatient counseling on trigger-medication avoidance (sulfa drugs, nitrofurantoin, primaquine, methylene blue, fava beans). Lactation support continued + weight + feeding monitoring. Universal parental kernicterus-prevention education at every visit (jaundice warning signs, when to seek evaluation). Neurodevelopmental screening at 6-12 mo if kernicterus risk factors (any ABE features, TSB approached exchange, prolonged severe hyperbilirubinemia) — Bayley III or ASQ-3; hearing screen (AABR — sensorineural hearing loss is a kernicterus sequela). Audiology referral if hearing screen abnormal.
    advance: Follow-up appointment confirmed + return precautions given + parental education delivered + neurodev plan if at-risk