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psych.adhd.core.v1

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) — chronic stepwise (AAP 2019 PMID 31570648; APA 2024; NICE NG87 2024; MTA 16-yr Hechtman PMID 30019501)

psychiatrychronicacuteadultoutpatientacutetransition

ADHD dossier — AAP 2019 (Wolraich PMID 31570648) + APA 2024 (verify) + NICE NG87 (2018 last updated 2024) + MTA 16-yr (Hechtman 2018 PMID 30019501) Covers F90.0 predominantly inattentive, F90.1 predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, F90.2 combined, F90.8 other, F90.9 unspecified; pediatric ~5-7% prevalence (M:F ~2:1); adult ~2.5-4% prevalence (less gender-skewed); ~60% have ≥ 1 comorbidity (ODD/CD 30-50%, anxiety ~25%, depression 15-20%, LD 20-30%, sleep, tics, SUD) Step 1 stimulant first-line for ≥ 6 yr: methylphenidate-class (Concerta 18-72 mg, Focalin XR, Ritalin LA, Daytrana patch, IR 5 mg BID-TID) OR amphetamine-class (Adderall XR 5-30 mg, Vyvanse 30-70 mg, Mydayis); baseline HR + BP + weight + height + cardiac history + FH SCD < 35; no routine EKG in healthy children; growth velocity + appetite + sleep monitoring Q3-6 mo Preschool 4-5 yr: behavioral parent training (Triple P / Incredible Years) FIRST-LINE per AAP 2019; methylphenidate IR 2.5-5 mg BID-TID only if behavioral inadequate (only stimulant with FDA evidence at this age) Step 2 within-class switch (Concerta → Focalin XR; Adderall XR → Vyvanse); Step 3 cross-class switch (methylphenidate ↔ amphetamine); Step 4 non-stimulant (atomoxetine 0.5 → 1.2-1.4 mg/kg/day pediatric max 100 mg; viloxazine 100-400 mg pediatric / 200-600 mg adult); Step 5 alpha-2 agonist augmentation (guanfacine ER 1-4 mg/day pediatric / 1-7 mg adult HS; clonidine ER 0.1-0.4 mg/day pediatric HS) Atomoxetine FDA black-box for SI in pediatric — C-SSRS first 4 wk; CYP2D6 substrate; LFT monitoring if symptomatic; 4-wk onset (counsel on delayed effect); FDA-approved pediatric ADHD Alpha-2 agonist rebound HTN on abrupt discontinuation — taper; bedtime sedation common; HR + BP monitoring; FDA-approved pediatric ADHD Behavioral therapy: parent training (Triple P / Incredible Years / PCIT) for pediatric; CBT for adult ADHD per Safren manual (2005 + 2017); 12-15 sessions focusing on organization + planning + time management + emotion regulation School accommodations: 504 plan (Section 504 of Rehabilitation Act 1973) OR IEP (under IDEA) — pediatric academic decline; workplace accommodations under ADA for adults Driving safety counseling for adolescent + adult ADHD — increased MVA risk especially untreated or undertreated CRITICAL anti-patterns: NEVER initiate stimulant without baseline HR + BP + weight + height + cardiac history + FH SCD < 35 screen; NEVER prescribe stimulant in structural heart disease / serious arrhythmia / recent MI (FDA black-box); NEVER prescribe stimulant in active SUD without addiction-medicine + non-stimulant or restricted-monitoring strategy; NEVER co-prescribe stimulant with MAOI within 14 d (hypertensive crisis); NEVER ignore tic emergence on stimulant; NEVER ignore acute chest pain / palpitations / syncope on stimulant; NEVER omit growth velocity + appetite + sleep monitoring in pediatric stimulant patients; NEVER omit screening for comorbidities (MDD / anxiety / SUD / sleep / eating disorders); NEVER skip transition planning at age 17-18; NEVER initiate stimulant in pregnancy without reproductive-psychiatry risk-benefit consult; NEVER skip multi-informant report for pediatric diagnosis; NEVER skip school accommodations evaluation for pediatric with academic decline; NEVER omit MDQ before stimulant initiation in suggestive bipolar features; NEVER continue stimulant in persistent severe HTN; NEVER omit driving safety counseling for adolescent / adult ADHD; NEVER omit informed consent on Schedule II abuse / dependence / diversion risks; NEVER omit re-evaluation when academic / occupational function declines despite "adequate" treatment Severity triggers (10): acute_stimulant_cardiovascular_event (life-threatening — discontinue + cardiology + alternative non-stimulant), stimulant_diversion_or_misuse (severe — addiction-medicine + switch to non-stimulant or restricted-monitoring), adhd_with_concurrent_substance_use (severe — non-stimulant first; routes to opioid / alcohol dossiers), adhd_with_acute_suicidal_ideation (life-threatening — routes to psych.suicidality.ed.core.v1), pediatric_growth_velocity_concern_on_stimulant (moderate — growth + appetite monitoring + drug holidays), pregnancy_adhd_medication_decision (moderate — behavioral first; immediate-release preferred if continued), tic_emergence_on_stimulant (moderate — switch to atomoxetine or alpha-2 agonist; not absolute contraindication), transition_to_adult_care_at_18 (mild — bridge to adult psychiatry + medication continuity), rebound_irritability_or_appetite_loss_severe (moderate — adjust dose / formulation / class + alpha-2 agonist for rebound), academic_or_occupational_decline_despite_treatment (moderate — re-evaluate diagnosis + comorbidities + adherence + dose + class) Two setting playbooks: outpatient (psychiatry + pediatrics; stimulant titration + behavioral therapy + school/workplace accommodations + weekly-monthly visits during titration → Q3-6 mo maintenance + growth velocity + cardiovascular + comorbidity surveillance) + ED (acute stimulant CV event + acute SI + severe agitation + manic switch); transition setting encoded indirectly via severity_trigger Action plan green/yellow/red includes stimulant CV warning (chest pain / palpitations / syncope) + appetite / sleep / mood / tic monitoring + Stanley-Brown safety plan if SI + driving safety + workplace/school accommodations Sibling differentiation: psych.depression.core.v1 (~15-20% comorbid MDD; treat ADHD first if mild MDD), psych.anxiety-disorders.core.v1 (~25% comorbid anxiety; treat both if moderate-severe), psych.opioid_use_disorder.core.v1 (non-stimulant first; AVOID benzo + opioid), psych.alcohol_withdrawal.core.v1 (~15-20% AUD; non-stimulant preferred), psych.eating-disorders.core.v1 (BED ~20-30% overlap; lisdexamfetamine dual-indication; NEVER stimulant in active AN-R), psych.bipolar-disorder.core.v1 (MDQ before stimulant; stimulant-induced manic switch risk), psych.suicidality.ed.core.v1 (active SI cross-route; compose not replace; atomoxetine FDA black-box pediatric) Front-end note: no existing ADHD-specific panel surface in src/components/panels/ob-peds-psych/ today; this dossier is the back-end pathway pack. Vanderbilt / SNAP-IV / ASRS / Conners panel surfaces flagged for future wire-up batch Workup IDs all resolve to registered umbrellas in clinical-tools-registry — workup.suicide_risk + workup.chest_pain + workup.severe_agitation + workup.insomnia Calculator IDs all resolve to registered tools — calc.phq9 + calc.gad7 + calc.audit_c + calc.ckd_epi_2021. calc.vanderbilt + calc.snap_iv + calc.asrs + calc.conners + calc.adhd_rs + calc.cssrs + calc.mdq + calc.diva flagged for future clinical-tools-registry batch — referenced via narrative + workup.suicide_risk for now Phenotype matrix (subtype × severity × age × treatment_status × comorbidity × medication_response × substance_use × pregnancy × functional_impact × cardiovascular_history) is encoded indirectly via severity_triggers + setting_playbooks + sibling_differentiation. First-class TS field for phenotype matrix is schema-blocked — see docs/framework-audit/shard-5-obped-id-state.md Schema-blocked queue Bayesian linkage (Vanderbilt parent + teacher both ≥ 6/9 + functional impairment ≥ 2 settings LR+ ~5-10 per AAP 2019 PMID 31570648; ASRS v1.1 part-A ≥ 4/6 LR+ ~4-6 per Kessler 2005 PMID 15841682 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW; SNAP-IV ≥ 90th percentile LR+ ~5; Conners ≥ 65 T-score LR+ ~5-8; ADHD-RS ≥ 90th percentile LR+ ~5-8; DIVA-5 positive LR+ ~8-10; PHQ-9 ≥ 10 LR+ ~4-7 comorbid MDD; GAD-7 ≥ 10 LR+ ~4-7 comorbid anxiety; AUDIT-C positive LR+ ~3-5 AUD; MDQ positive LR+ ~7 bipolar; FH SCD < 35 OR cardiac history LR+ ~5 for cardiac risk on stimulant; T_treat = DSM-5-TR ADHD criteria + multi-informant + functional impairment ≥ 2 settings; T_test = sub-threshold + mild impairment → watchful waiting; T_switch within-class = inadequate at 4-6 wk; T_switch cross-class = both classes failed; T_augment = partial response → alpha-2 agonist; T_maintenance_discontinuation = sustained remission ≥ 12 mo + agreement; cross-dossier routing to psych.depression + psych.anxiety-disorders + psych.opioid_use_disorder + psych.alcohol_withdrawal + psych.eating-disorders + psych.bipolar-disorder + psych.suicidality.ed documented in co-located research bundle). ROS/DDx LR seed data audited by npm run audit:ros-ddx-coverage (cross-cutting; not touched by this shard) PRODUCTION blockers / open gaps: (1) RxCUIs not yet validated via scripts/research/rxnav-validate.ts; lisdexamfetamine RxCUI 1148486 + viloxazine RxCUI 2519996 + Concerta-specific RxCUI (vs methylphenidate base 1819) NEEDS_RXNAV_VALIDATION; atomoxetine 38415 PARTIAL; guanfacine 5487 PARTIAL; clonidine 2599 PARTIAL; (2) manifest reuses psych.depression.core.v1.ts pointer per peds.febrile-infant / psych.bipolar / psych.alcohol_withdrawal / psych.suicidality / psych.anxiety-disorders / psych.ptsd / psych.eating-disorders precedent — dedicated manifest out-of-shard-scope; (3) calc.vanderbilt + calc.snap_iv + calc.asrs + calc.conners + calc.adhd_rs + calc.cssrs + calc.mdq + calc.diva not in clinical-tools-registry — referenced via workup.suicide_risk + narrative; (4) APA Practice Guideline for Adult ADHD 2024 publication status PMID NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW + AAP CPG 2019 (Wolraich 31570648) confirmed + MTA 16-yr (Hechtman 30019501) confirmed + Kessler ASRS 2005 PMID 15841682 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW + Safren CBT-adult-ADHD manual (book) + AAP/AHA 2008 cardiac screening PMID NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW + Tourette Syndrome Study Group 2002 methylphenidate + tics PMID NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW + Triple P + Incredible Years parent training manuals (programs) + Faraone 2005 heritability PMID NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW + Horowitz Lancet Psych 2019 hyperbolic taper PMID NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW + Hirschfeld MDQ 2000 PMID NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW + Stanley-Brown 2012 SPI PMID NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW + Mann JAMA 2005 lethal-means PMID NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW — referenced by label only; not added to evidence.pmids per verification rule; (5) targeted test file pending (relies on dossier-contract.test.ts); (6) panel→dossier wire (Vanderbilt / SNAP-IV / ASRS / Conners panel) not authored — flagged for future wire-up batch; (7) pediatric < 6 yr standalone deferred to future peds dossier; (8) ADHD in autism spectrum / intellectual disability / complex neurodevelopmental phenotypes deferred to future dossiers

Entry points (8)

  • symptom
    Inattention OR hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms with onset before age 12 yr in ≥ 2 settings (DSM-5-TR 2022 F90.x; AAP 2019 PMID 31570648)
    inattention_or_hyperactivity_impulsivity_symptoms
  • symptom
    Academic decline (pediatric/adolescent) OR occupational decline (adult) attributable to attention or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms (DSM-5-TR 2022; APA 2024)
    academic_or_occupational_decline
  • symptom
    Behavioral problems with oppositional or conduct features in pediatric — common ADHD presentation with comorbid ODD/CD ~ 30-50% (AAP 2019; DSM-5-TR 2022)
    behavioral_problems_oppositional
  • lab_abnormality
    Vanderbilt parent + teacher both ≥ 6/9 inattentive OR hyperactive-impulsive symptoms with functional impairment in ≥ 2 settings (AAP 2019 PMID 31570648)
    positive_vanderbilt_screen
  • lab_abnormality
    ASRS v1.1 part-A ≥ 4/6 (adult; Kessler 2005 PMID 15841682 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW; APA 2024)
    positive_asrs_adult_screen
  • problem_list
    Existing ADHD with inadequate response, relapse, breakthrough symptoms, new comorbidity, or medication side effect (AAP 2019; APA 2024)
    adhd_existing_uncontrolled
  • history
    Family history of ADHD — heritability ~70-80% (Faraone 2005 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW; APA 2024)
    family_history_adhd
  • history
    Adolescent age 17-18 with current ADHD treatment + pending college / vocational transition — high attrition window (AAP 2019; APA 2024)
    pediatric_transition_to_adult_care

Required inputs (24)

  • agerequired
    demographic • used at CONTEXT
    Drug + therapy selection; preschool 4-5 (behavioral first-line per AAP 2019; methylphenidate only stimulant with FDA evidence); school-age 6-11 (stimulant + behavioral + school accommodations); adolescent 12-17 (stimulant + CBT + driving safety + transition planning); adult ≥ 18 (stimulant + CBT + workplace accommodations); older adult ≥ 65 (rare; cardiovascular risk; medical-mimic workup)
  • pregnancy_statusrequired
    demographic • used at CONTEXT
    Behavioral first-line in pregnancy; risk-benefit for stimulant; immediate-release preferred over extended-release if continued (lower fetal exposure); APA reproductive psychiatry
  • heart_raterequired
    vital • used at RED_FLAGS
    Baseline + each visit on stimulant; tachycardia at high doses requires evaluation (AAP 2008 + 2019 + AHA 2008 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW; FDA)
  • blood_pressurerequired
    vital • used at RED_FLAGS
    Baseline + each visit on stimulant; persistent SBP > 95th percentile pediatric or > 140/90 adult requires evaluation (AAP 2008 + 2019; FDA)
  • weightrequired
    vital • used at CONTEXT
    Baseline + Q3-6 mo in pediatric stimulant patients; BMI trajectory; appetite suppression common (AAP 2019 PMID 31570648)
  • heightrequired
    vital • used at CONTEXT
    Baseline + Q3-6 mo in pediatric stimulant patients; growth velocity < 5th percentile triggers reassessment (AAP 2019 PMID 31570648)
  • vanderbilt_scorerequired
    symptom • used at RISK_STRATIFICATION
    Vanderbilt parent + teacher both ≥ 6/9 inattentive OR hyperactive-impulsive symptoms with functional impairment in ≥ 2 settings — pediatric ADHD diagnosis anchor (AAP 2019 PMID 31570648)
  • asrs_score
    symptom • used at RISK_STRATIFICATION
    ASRS v1.1 part-A ≥ 4/6 — adult ADHD screening anchor (Kessler 2005 PMID 15841682 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW; APA 2024)
  • phq9_scorerequired
    symptom • used at CONTEXT
    PHQ-9 — comorbid MDD ~15-20% in ADHD; Q9 flags suicidality; informs SSRI choice for comorbid MDD (Kroenke 2001 PMID 11556941; APA 2024)
  • gad7_score
    symptom • used at CONTEXT
    GAD-7 — comorbid anxiety ~25% in ADHD (Spitzer 2006 PMID 16717171; APA 2024)
  • suicidality_assessmentrequired
    symptom • used at RED_FLAGS
    C-SSRS at intake + first 4 wk of atomoxetine or any new antidepressant — atomoxetine FDA black-box for SI in pediatric (Posner 2011 PMID 22193671; FDA 2005)
  • multi_informant_reportrequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Pediatric ADHD diagnosis requires multi-informant report — parent + teacher Vanderbilt, with functional impairment in ≥ 2 settings (DSM-5-TR 2022; AAP 2019)
  • cardiac_historyrequired
    history • used at RED_FLAGS
    Personal cardiac history (structural / arrhythmia / HTN / palpitations / syncope) OR family history of sudden cardiac death < 35 — drives EKG + cardiology consult before stimulant (AAP 2008 + 2019 + AHA 2008 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW; FDA black-box)
  • substance_userequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Comorbid SUD ~15-20% in adolescents and adults with ADHD; diversion + misuse risk drives non-stimulant preference or restricted-monitoring stimulant; addiction-medicine collaboration (APA 2024; AAP 2019)
  • manic_or_hypomanic_historyrequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    MDQ pre-treatment bipolarity screen — mood instability + ADHD overlap; stimulant-induced or antidepressant-induced manic switch risk (Hirschfeld 2000 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW; APA 2024)
  • tic_history
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Tic or Tourette history — atomoxetine or alpha-2 agonist often preferred; tics are NOT absolute contraindication to stimulant per Tourette Syndrome Study Group 2002 (AAP 2019; APA 2024)
  • sleep_disorder_history
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Sleep disorder + stimulant insomnia risk; OSA workup if obese; consider IR + short morning-only dosing if severe (AAP 2019; APA 2024)
  • learning_disorder_or_school_accommodations
    history • used at CONTEXT
    LD co-occurs ~20-30% with ADHD; 504 plan / IEP coordination per IDEA + Section 504 (AAP 2019)
  • current_medsrequired
    medication • used at CONTEXT
    MAOI washout 14 d before/after stimulant; CYP interactions for atomoxetine (CYP2D6); concurrent SSRI / SNRI serotonergic load; QTc-prolonging drugs (APA 2024; FDA)
  • cbc
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Baseline — rule out anemia mimicking inattention; not routinely required but reasonable in initial workup (AAP 2019)
  • tsh
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Hyperthyroidism + hypothyroidism mimic ADHD symptoms; baseline screen reasonable in initial workup (APA 2024; AAP 2019)
  • lft
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Atomoxetine hepatotoxicity rare but reported — baseline + monitor if symptomatic (FDA atomoxetine label)
  • glucose_a1c
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Stimulant + appetite effects; baseline metabolic screen if obese or family history (APA 2024)
  • ecg
    imaging • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    NOT routinely required in healthy children per AAP / AHA 2008 joint statement; required if cardiac history OR family history of sudden cardiac death < 35 OR new cardiac symptom on stimulant (AAP 2019; AHA 2008 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW)

12-phase flow (12)

  1. 1FRAME
    Confirm DSM-5-TR 2022 ADHD criteria (≥ 6 inattentive OR ≥ 6 hyperactive-impulsive symptoms with onset < 12 yr + persistent ≥ 6 mo + ≥ 2 settings + functional impairment + not better explained by other condition); subtype assignment (F90.0 inattentive / F90.1 hyperactive-impulsive / F90.2 combined / F90.9 unspecified) (DSM-5-TR 2022; AAP 2019 PMID 31570648; APA 2024)
    advance: DSM-5-TR criteria met + medical / psychiatric mimics ruled out + multi-informant agreement
  2. 2ENTRY
    Trigger from Vanderbilt parent + teacher ≥ 6/9 + functional impairment ≥ 2 settings (pediatric; AAP 2019), ASRS v1.1 part-A ≥ 4/6 (adult; Kessler 2005 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW), symptomatic presentation, academic / occupational decline, family history, behavioral problems, or transition-to-adult-care
    inputs: age, multi_informant_report
    advance: Entry criteria documented
  3. 3CONTEXT
    Prior ADHD treatment + response, manic history (MDQ), substance use, psychosocial stressors, medical comorbidities (especially cardiac), current meds, pregnancy status, family history of sudden cardiac death < 35, tic / Tourette history, sleep disorder, learning disorder / school accommodations, comorbid MDD (PHQ-9) / anxiety (GAD-7) / SUD
    inputs: multi_informant_report, manic_or_hypomanic_history, substance_use, cardiac_history, current_meds, pregnancy_status, phq9_score
    advance: Personalisation data captured
  4. 4RED_FLAGS
    Acute stimulant cardiovascular event (chest pain / palpitations / syncope / hypertensive crisis on stimulant — life-threatening); structural heart disease / serious arrhythmia / recent MI (FDA black-box contraindication); active suicidality with intent / plan / means (C-SSRS; atomoxetine FDA black-box pediatric); acute manic episode emerged on stimulant; severe agitation; concurrent MAOI within 14 d; pregnancy + current stimulant; severe persistent HTN (sustained SBP > 95th percentile pediatric or > 140/90 adult); severe persistent insomnia or worsening sleep disorder
    inputs: heart_rate, blood_pressure, suicidality_assessment, cardiac_history
    actions: workup.suicide_risk
    advance: Safety plan in place OR involuntary admission initiated OR cardiology cleared OR alternative non-stimulant selected (AAP 2019; APA 2024; FDA)
  5. 5INITIAL_WORKUP
    HR + BP + weight + height + BMI percentile (pediatric) baseline; cardiac history + family history of sudden cardiac death < 35 + physical exam (AAP 2008 + 2019 + AHA 2008 NEEDS_SOURCE_REVIEW); no routine EKG in healthy children but EKG if cardiac history OR FH SCD < 35; CBC + TSH + LFT reasonable baseline; pregnancy test if reproductive-age (AAP 2019; APA 2024)
    inputs: heart_rate, blood_pressure, weight, height, cardiac_history
    advance: Baseline vitals + cardiac screen + multi-informant rating scales returned
  6. 6BRANCHING_WORKUP
    EKG if cardiac history OR family history of sudden cardiac death < 35 OR new cardiac symptom on stimulant; sleep study if obesity / snoring / OSA suspected; neuropsychological testing if learning disorder suspected; iron studies (ferritin) if restless legs / sleep disorder; B12 / vitamin D if dietary restriction; hearing + vision screen if not already done in pediatric; cardiology consult if any cardiac concern before stimulant initiation
    advance: Targeted workup obtained when triggered
  7. 7DIFFERENTIAL
    ADHD (F90.x) vs ODD (F91.3) vs CD (F91.x) vs anxiety (F40-F41) vs depression (F32-F33) vs bipolar (F31) vs learning disorder (F81.x) vs autism spectrum (F84.0) vs hearing / vision impairment vs hyperthyroidism vs sleep disorder / OSA vs substance use vs PTSD (F43.1) vs traumatic brain injury vs lead toxicity / heavy metals vs medication-induced (steroids, caffeine, bronchodilators) (DSM-5-TR 2022; AAP 2019; APA 2024)
    advance: Working diagnosis assigned with subtype + severity
  8. 8RISK_STRATIFICATION
    ADHD severity (DSM-5-TR mild / moderate / severe specifier); subtype (inattentive / hyperactive-impulsive / combined); functional-impairment scoring (academic / occupational / social / driving / parenting / financial / legal); comorbidity matrix (ODD/CD, anxiety, MDD, LD, sleep, tics, SUD); cardiovascular risk stratification (FH SCD < 35, personal cardiac history); pregnancy / lactation status
    inputs: vanderbilt_score, phq9_score, suicidality_assessment, substance_use
    advance: Severity tier + comorbidity + cardiovascular risk + safety plan documented
  9. 9TREATMENT
    Preschool (4-5 yr): behavioral parent training FIRST-LINE per AAP 2019; methylphenidate IR 2.5-5 mg BID-TID only if behavioral inadequate. School-age (6-11) + adolescent (12-17) + adult (≥ 18): stimulant first-line (methylphenidate ER OR amphetamine ER); within-class switch if inadequate; cross-class switch if both classes failed; non-stimulant (atomoxetine / viloxazine) if stimulant contraindicated or failed; alpha-2 agonist add-on (guanfacine ER or clonidine ER) for partial response or comorbid tics. Combine with behavioral therapy (parent training for pediatric; CBT for adult ADHD per Safren manual). School accommodations (504 plan / IEP per IDEA + Section 504) for pediatric academic impact. Workplace accommodations for adult occupational impact. Driving safety counseling for adolescent + adult. Continue treatment as long as functional benefit + no severe side effects; ADHD persists into adulthood ~50-65% (MTA Hechtman PMID 30019501)
    inputs: current_meds
    advance: Stepwise pharmacotherapy + behavioral plan documented
  10. 10DISPOSITION
    Outpatient psychiatry or pediatrics (default); ED for acute stimulant cardiovascular event OR acute SI with intent / plan / means OR severe agitation; cardiology referral if cardiac concern; addiction-medicine if active SUD or diversion / misuse; transition to adult psychiatry at age 17-18 (AAP 2019; APA 2024)
    advance: Level of care set
  11. 11MONITORING
    Initiation phase: weekly visits × 4 wk; HR + BP + weight + appetite + sleep + mood + tics + side effects; PHQ-9 + GAD-7 + C-SSRS during titration + first 4 wk of atomoxetine or new antidepressant (FDA 2004 + 2005 black-box); Vanderbilt / ASRS / Conners response assessment Q4 wk. Maintenance phase: Q3-6 mo visits; HR + BP + growth velocity + BMI percentile (pediatric); annual cardiac re-screen; ongoing functional-impact assessment; substance use sweep in adolescents and adults. Response = ≥ 30% symptom reduction on Vanderbilt / SNAP-IV; remission = symptom score < clinical threshold + sustained functional improvement (AAP 2019; APA 2024)
    advance: Response or remission OR step-up
  12. 12FOLLOWUP
    Continue treatment as long as functional benefit + no severe side effects; many continue lifelong; ADHD persists into adulthood ~50-65% per MTA 16-yr (Hechtman PMID 30019501); transition planning at age 17-18 with adult psychiatry handoff + written transition letter + medication-continuity plan + PCP handoff; relapse-prevention CBT for adult ADHD per Safren manual; ongoing comorbidity surveillance (MDD / anxiety / SUD / sleep / eating disorders)
    advance: Maintenance plan in place