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Patient handout

Acute alcohol intoxication

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for acute alcohol intoxication. Your care team identified this based on: altered mental status with alcohol on breath or witnessed heavy drinking — acep 2023.

Other reasons your team may use this plan: witnessed binge drinking episode with progressive obtundation — acep 2023; found intoxicated in public setting brought by ems, unable to care for self — acep 2023; self-reported heavy alcohol consumption with vomiting, ataxia, or confusion — nice 2024.

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
thiamine500 mg IV over 30 minIVTID for 3 days then 250 mg IV daily for 3-5 days (Wernicke prophylaxis) — NICE 2024CRITICAL: Thiamine MUST be given BEFORE glucose. Glucose metabolism consumes thiamine; administering glucose without thiamine can precipitate or worsen Wernicke encephalopathy. High-dose IV thiamine (500 mg) recommended over IM 100 mg as absorption is unreliable in malnourished patients — NICE 2024 CG100

Plan: Supportive care: thiamine, folate, MgSO4, banana bag, glucose correction — NICE 2024; ACEP 2023

3. Your action plan

Use these zones to know what to do based on how you feel.

GREENRecovery — stable after intoxication — ACEP 2023
If you have:
  • Alert, oriented, GCS 15 — ACEP 2023
  • Tolerating oral fluids and food — ACEP 2023
  • No withdrawal symptoms — NICE 2024
Do this:
  • Take thiamine 100 mg PO daily as prescribed — NICE 2024
  • Eat regular meals to prevent hypoglycemia — ACEP 2023
  • Attend outpatient addiction medicine / alcohol counseling appointment — NICE 2024
  • Consider medications for AUD (naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram) with provider — NICE 2024
  • AUDIT-C self-screening tool available online — NICE 2024
YELLOWCaution — return precautions — NICE 2024; ACEP 2023
If you have:
  • Tremor, sweating, anxiety, or insomnia 6-24 h after last drink (withdrawal signs) — NICE 2024
  • Persistent vomiting or inability to eat — ACEP 2023
  • Confusion or drowsiness returning after sobriety — ACEP 2023
Do this:
  • Return to ED immediately — withdrawal can be life-threatening — NICE 2024
  • Do not attempt to detox at home without medical supervision if history of seizures or DT — NICE 2024
  • Take prescribed thiamine — do not skip — NICE 2024
REDCrisis — life-threatening emergency — ACEP 2023
If you have:
  • Seizure — NICE 2024
  • Seeing/hearing things that are not there (hallucinations) — NICE 2024
  • Very fast heartbeat, high fever, severe confusion (delirium tremens) — NICE 2024
  • Not breathing or unresponsive — ACEP 2023
Do this:
  • Call 911 immediately — NICE 2024
  • Place in recovery position if vomiting — ACEP 2023
  • Do not leave the person alone — ACEP 2023
  • Inform EMS of alcohol history and last drink time — NICE 2024

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • RR <8 or oxygen level (SpO₂) <90% with severe alcohol intoxication — ACEP 2023(life-threatening)
  • Glucose <60 mg/dL in intoxicated patient — ethanol inhibits gluconeogenesis — ACEP 2023(life-threatening)
  • Classic triad: ophthalmoplegia (CN VI palsy) + ataxia + confusion in malnourished alcoholic — NICE 2024(life-threatening)
  • Osmolal gap >10 mOsm/kg + anion gap metabolic acidosis in intoxicated patient — suspect methanol or ethylene glycol co-ingestion — ACEP 2023(life-threatening)
  • Vomiting while obtunded (GCS <8) with hypoxia or CXR infiltrate — ACEP 2023
  • GCS not improving at expected rate (20-25 mg/dL/h BAL clearance) — occult pathology suspected — ACEP 2023
  • Core temperature <32C in intoxicated patient — alcohol-induced vasodilation + environmental exposure — ACEP 2023

5. Follow-up

Alcohol use disorder screening (AUDIT-C); brief motivational intervention; referral to addiction medicine/counseling; link to alcohol withdrawal engine if anticipated; social work for housing/safety; thiamine supplementation continued oral (100 mg PO daily) if chronic use — NICE 2024; ACEP 2023; UpToDate 2026

6. Sources

Guideline: NICE CG100 — Alcohol-use disorders: diagnosis and management of physical complications (Wernicke prophylaxis; thiamine before glucose) + Mirijello et al, Eur J Intern Med 2022 + Vonghia et al, Eur J Intern Med 2008 (acute alcohol intoxication reviews) + UpToDate 2026 ethanol intoxication in adults

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35985955
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19046719