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Patient handout

Beta-blocker overdose

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for beta-blocker overdose. Your care team identified this based on: reported / suspected beta-blocker ingestion or polypharmacy overdose (aact/acmt 2023).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: bradycardia + hypotension without obvious cardiac cause (critical-care tox review 2024); hypoglycemia with bradycardia/hypotension — bb pattern (engebretsen 2011); ams / seizure with bradycardia — lipophilic bb (propranolol) suspicion (kerns 2007).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
normal saline (isotonic crystalloid)10–20 mL/kg IV bolus (cautious — repeat to perfusion, avoid pulmonary edema in BB-induced cardiogenic shock)IVbolus, reassessFirst-line volume support; limited efficacy in pump failure — escalate early rather than over-resuscitate (AACT/ACMT 2023)
atropine0.5–1 mg IV (peds 0.02 mg/kg, min 0.1 mg) q3–5 min, max 3 mgIVq3–5 min PRNTemporizing for vagally-mediated bradycardia; frequently inadequate alone in significant BB poisoning — do not delay HIET/pressors (critical-care tox review 2024)
activated charcoal1 g/kg PO/NG (max 50 g)PO/NGsingle doseOnly if early and airway protected — caution with declining mental status (lipophilic propranolol) (AACT/ACMT 2023)
whole-bowel irrigation (polyethylene glycol)PEG-ELS 1–2 L/h (peds 25 mL/kg/h) until rectal effluent clearPO/NGcontinuousSustained/extended-release BB — reduces ongoing absorption; protect airway and exclude ileus first (AACT/ACMT 2023)

Plan: Beta-blocker overdose — stepwise resuscitation ladder (fluids/atropine → HIET → vasopressors → glucagon → lipid emulsion → mechanical support)

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • HR <50 with SBP <90 / hypoperfusion in suspected BB ingestion (critical-care tox review 2024)
  • Persistent shock despite crystalloid + atropine (AACT/ACMT 2023)(life-threatening)
  • Propranolol ingestion with QRS >120 ms, seizures, or coma (Kerns 2007)(life-threatening)
  • Sotalol ingestion with prolonged QT and/or torsades de pointes (Kerns 2007)(life-threatening)
  • Sustained/extended-release formulation or massive ingestion (delayed, prolonged toxicity) (AACT/ACMT 2023)
  • Cardiac arrest or peri-arrest refractory to HIET + pressors + glucagon (critical-care tox review 2024)(life-threatening)

5. Follow-up

Observation period satisfied (≥6 h immediate-release with normal ECG; ≥24 h for sustained-release / sotalol / propranolol); psychiatric evaluation and safety plan if intentional; poison-prevention counseling for pediatric exploratory ingestion; medication-reconciliation and safe-storage education (AACT/ACMT 2023)

6. Sources

Guideline: 2023–2025 critical-care toxicology reviews on beta-blocker / CCB cardiotoxicity; Engebretsen high-dose insulin euglycemia (HIET) evidence; AACT/ACMT position statements on HIET and lipid emulsion; Kerns toxicology of beta-blocker poisoning

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21391999
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17265544
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174336