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Patient handout

Lithium toxicity

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for lithium toxicity. Your care team identified this based on: reported acute lithium ingestion (intentional/accidental) — known lithium-treated patient or pill bottle (extrip 2015).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: tremor, ataxia, dysarthria, confusion, myoclonus, or seizure in a patient on chronic lithium (extrip 2015); serum lithium >1.5 meq/l (therapeutic 0.6–1.2) on a routine or screening draw (extrip 2015); nausea, vomiting, diarrhea early after acute ingestion (acute pattern, neuro late) (baird-gunning 2017).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
discontinue lithium + offending nephrotoxic/clearance-reducing medsEXTRIP 2015 / Baird-Gunning 2017 — removing the source and stopping NSAID/ACEi/ARB/thiazide/metronidazole restores renal lithium clearance; foundational in every pattern
isotonic 0.9% sodium chloride resuscitation10–20 mL/kg bolus then maintenance titrated to euvolemia + UOP ≥1 mL/kg/hIVcontinuousVolume repletion + normal saline restores GFR and renal lithium excretion; avoid hypotonic fluids and avoid forced diuresis/diuretics (worsen clearance)

Plan: Lithium toxicity — stop drug + saline → WBI (SR) → hemodialysis (EXTRIP 2015) → rebound recheck → supportive

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Serum lithium >4.0 mEq/L in ANY exposure pattern [EXTRIP 2015 hemodialysis criterion](life-threatening)
  • Serum lithium >2.5 mEq/L WITH decreased consciousness, seizure, life-threatening arrhythmia, OR impaired renal function / inability to clear [EXTRIP 2015](life-threatening)
  • Tremor, ataxia, dysarthria, encephalopathy, or myoclonus in chronic lithium use even at a near-therapeutic level (1.5–2.5 mEq/L) [Baird-Gunning 2017]
  • Persistent cerebellar/extrapyramidal deficits or encephalopathy after the lithium level has normalized — Syndrome of Irreversible Lithium-Effectuated NeuroToxicity [Baird-Gunning 2017](life-threatening)
  • Sustained-release ingestion with rising serial lithium levels despite supportive care [AACT/EAPCCT; EXTRIP 2015]
  • Post-HD rebound lithium level (6–12h) re-crosses an EXTRIP threshold due to intracellular → plasma redistribution [EXTRIP 2015]
  • Life-threatening bradyarrhythmia / sinus node dysfunction / significant QT prolongation in lithium toxicity [EXTRIP 2015](life-threatening)

5. Follow-up

Psychiatry safety plan + lithium re-initiation decision (consider alternative mood stabilizer if recurrent toxicity); nephrology for nephrogenic DI / chronic interstitial nephropathy; endocrine for hypothyroidism/hyperparathyroidism; SILENT documentation (irreversible cerebellar deficits) + neurology rehab; education on volume/NSAID/sick-day rules (Baird-Gunning 2017)

6. Sources

Guideline: EXTRIP 2015 Lithium Workgroup (Decker et al, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol) + 2024-2025 critical-care toxicology reviews (Baird-Gunning et al; AACT/EAPCCT whole-bowel irrigation position statement)

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25583292
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27307131
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15822766