Clinical Commander

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uro.epididymitis-orchitis.v1

Acute epididymitis ± orchitis (STI / enteric / viral / TB / drug / torsion-pivot DDx)

urologyacutesubacuteadultpediatricgeriatricoutpatientacuteinpatient

Promoted SCAFFOLDED->INTEGRATED 2026-05-30. Empty workups[] resolved by adding workup.acute_scrotum (confirmed resolving in clinical-tools-registry.ts line 135; specialty urology+emergency, adapter_id acute_scrotum). Evidence PMIDs PubMed-verified 2026-05-30 — ALL FIVE ORIGINAL PMIDs were fabricated/mis-attributed (33417591=COVID college athletes, 28281491=status epilepticus, 22421094=IOL tilt, 23659871=hypertension-in-pregnancy, 24014292=CLL genomics). Replaced with verified: 34292926 (CDC STI 2021 MMWR), 9889740 (acute scrotal pain review), 32547738 (rare scrotal-pain DDx systematic review), 32214857 (US+UA utility in epididymo-orchitis), 41905882 (adult torsion review). PENDING PRODUCTION: regimen RxCUIs not yet RxNav-revalidated in this pass; inline prose still cites EAU 2017 / Davis 2010 / Barbosa / Friedman tags whose specific PMIDs were unverifiable and were removed from the evidence array — a precision-citation pass is owed before PRODUCTION. shard-3-neuro-sym Phase C wave-9 2026-05-15 — initial author at INTEGRATED depth with full §5.5 contract. 10 acuity / etiology phenotypes encoded as severity_triggers: sti_acquired_younger_men, enteric_pathogen_older_men_or_anal, tubercular_chronic, mumps_orchitis_post_pubertal, brucella_orchitis_endemic, granulomatous_idiopathic, amiodarone_induced, testicular_torsion_pivot_DDx, abscess_complication, chronic_epididymalgia_post_vasectomy. Pivot from sibling rows because per-etiology dossiers do not exist (same engine, different management branch). 5 setting playbooks span the full journey: home (recognition + sexual / instrumentation routing) → outpatient (CDC dual or FQ; 48–72 h follow-up; partner notification) → ed (TWIST + POCUS adjudication of torsion; broad IV abx if admit) → inpatient (IV ceftriaxone or pip-tazo × 48–72 h then PO step-down; total 10–14 d) → icu (urosepsis or Fournier overlap — rare). Empiric STI-suspected (<35): ceftriaxone 500 mg IM × 1 + doxycycline 100 mg PO BID × 10 d (CDC STI 2021); add metronidazole if insertive anal sex. Empiric enteric (≥35, BPH, instrumentation, anal sex): levofloxacin 500 mg PO daily × 10 d OR TMP-SMX DS BID × 10 d (EAU 2017). Torsion pivot mandatory — TWIST score + POCUS Doppler adjudicate; if absent intratesticular flow OR TWIST 5–7 → STAT OR (route to uro.testicular-torsion.v1). Abscess complication → STAT urology drainage + IV broad-spectrum (pip-tazo ± vancomycin). Mumps orchitis (post-pubertal unvaccinated) — supportive only; 30–40% testicular atrophy; bilateral 17% → fertility counsel (Davis 2010). TB / Brucella / granulomatous — ID-directed extended therapy; tissue biopsy often required. Schema-blocked downstream: uro.epididymal-abscess.v1, uro.chronic-epididymalgia.v1, calc.epididymitis_severity, workup.dre_prostate_exam — none yet in clinical-tools-registry.ts. Tickets surfaced in depth brief §11. Multiple PMIDs marked PLACEHOLDER per shard convention; verification required before reconciled stamp canonical. Sibling pivots: uro.testicular-torsion.v1 (highest-stakes DDx — TWIST + POCUS), uro.uti.complicated.v1 (enteric pathogen overlap), uro.prostatitis.v1 (DRE pivot), id.cellulitis.core.v1 (scrotal-wall vs intra-scrotal) — all resolve to real engines in ALL_DOSSIERS. Dossier NOT registered in _registry.ts per shard scope (DO NOT TOUCH _registry.ts). Registration deferred to subsequent commit by shard-0 / cross-shard registry maintainer.

Entry points (6)

  • symptom
    Gradual unilateral scrotal pain + swelling over hours to days (EAU urological infections 2017)
    gradual_scrotal_pain_with_swelling
  • symptom
    Posterior testicular tenderness localised to epididymis (Prehn sign — relief with elevation suggestive, not diagnostic) (EAU 2017)
    epididymal_tenderness_posterior_to_testis
  • symptom
    Dysuria / urethral discharge + scrotal pain in young man — STI-acquired (CDC STI 2021)
    dysuria_or_urethral_discharge_men_lt_35
  • history
    Recent urologic instrumentation OR insertive anal intercourse — enteric pathogen (EAU 2017)
    recent_instrumentation_or_anal_intercourse
  • history
    Unvaccinated post-pubertal male with parotid swelling — mumps orchitis (Davis 2010)
    mumps_exposure_or_unvaccinated_post_pubertal
  • history
    Patient on amiodarone with painful scrotal swelling — drug-induced orchitis
    amiodarone_use_isolated_orchitis

Required inputs (20)

  • agerequired
    demographic • used at FRAME
    Drives empiric — <35 STI-acquired (ceftriaxone + doxycycline); ≥35 enteric (FQ or TMP-SMX) (CDC STI 2021; EAU 2017)
  • pain_onset_durationrequired
    symptom • used at ENTRY
    Sudden (<minutes) → torsion pivot; gradual (hours-days) → epididymitis (Barbosa 2013 TWIST; EAU 2017)
  • cremasteric_reflexrequired
    symptom • used at ENTRY
    Preserved in epididymitis; absent in torsion (Barbosa 2013)
  • urethral_dischargerequired
    symptom • used at CONTEXT
    STI-acquired marker (CDC STI 2021)
  • sexual_activity_recentrequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Active sexual history with new / multiple partners → STI workup (CDC STI 2021)
  • insertive_anal_intercourserequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Enteric pathogens (E. coli) cover in addition to STI (CDC STI 2021; EAU 2017)
  • recent_urologic_instrumentationrequired
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Catheter, cystoscopy, prostate biopsy → enteric/healthcare pathogen (EAU 2017)
  • bph_or_obstructive_uropathy
    history • used at CONTEXT
    BPH or obstructive uropathy increases retrograde infection risk (EAU 2017)
  • mumps_exposure_or_unvaccinated
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Mumps orchitis in post-pubertal unvaccinated males (Davis 2010)
  • tb_exposure_or_risk
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Tubercular epididymo-orchitis — chronic, beaded vas, painless or low-grade (EAU 2017)
  • brucella_exposure_endemic_or_dairy
    history • used at CONTEXT
    Brucella orchitis in endemic regions or unpasteurized dairy (EAU 2017)
  • current_meds_amiodarone
    medication • used at CONTEXT
    Amiodarone-induced orchitis (uncommon but documented)
  • temprequired
    vital • used at RED_FLAGS
    High fever → abscess / severe / route inpatient (EAU 2017)
  • sbprequired
    vital • used at RED_FLAGS
    Hypotension + fever → sepsis (route ICU) (SCC 2026)
  • urinalysisrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Pyuria common in bacterial epididymitis; absence supports torsion or non-bacterial (EAU 2017)
  • urine_culturerequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Identify enteric or healthcare pathogen for narrowing (EAU 2017)
  • sti_naat_panelrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    NAAT for chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomonas, Mycoplasma genitalium (CDC STI 2021)
  • cbcrequired
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Leukocytosis → severity / abscess concern (EAU 2017)
  • inflammation_markers_crp
    lab • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    CRP elevation supports bacterial; very high → abscess (EAU 2017)
  • scrotal_pocus_dopplerrequired
    imaging • used at INITIAL_WORKUP
    Hyperemia + enlarged epididymis = epididymitis; absent intratesticular flow = torsion; abscess as discrete fluid collection (Friedman 2017)

12-phase flow (12)

  1. 1FRAME
    Scrotal pain with gradual onset + epididymal tenderness — gauge STI vs enteric vs viral vs granulomatous vs drug vs torsion pivot (EAU 2017; CDC STI 2021)
    inputs: age, pain_onset_duration
    advance: engine scope confirmed (not torsion)
  2. 2ENTRY
    Capture pain onset / duration / cremasteric reflex / urethral discharge — discriminate from torsion pivot (Barbosa 2013; EAU 2017)
    inputs: cremasteric_reflex, urethral_discharge
    advance: entry captured
  3. 3CONTEXT
    Sexual history, anal intercourse, instrumentation, BPH, mumps exposure, TB / brucella risk, amiodarone — drives empiric branch (CDC STI 2021; EAU 2017; Davis 2010)
    inputs: sexual_activity_recent, insertive_anal_intercourse, recent_urologic_instrumentation, bph_or_obstructive_uropathy, mumps_exposure_or_unvaccinated, tb_exposure_or_risk, brucella_exposure_endemic_or_dairy, current_meds_amiodarone
    advance: context complete
  4. 4RED_FLAGS
    Sudden severe pain + N/V + absent cremasteric → torsion (route off engine to uro.testicular-torsion.v1); fever + hypotension → sepsis (route ICU); discrete fluctuant mass → abscess + STAT urology (EAU 2017; SCC 2026; Barbosa 2013)
    inputs: temp, sbp
    advance: no torsion / sepsis OR routed off engine
  5. 5INITIAL_WORKUP
    UA + urine culture + STI NAAT (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomonas, M. genitalium) + CBC + CRP + scrotal POCUS Doppler (hyperemia vs absent flow) (CDC STI 2021; EAU 2017; Friedman 2017)
    inputs: urinalysis, urine_culture, sti_naat_panel, cbc, inflammation_markers_crp, scrotal_pocus_doppler
    actions: panel.ua, panel.cbc, panel.inflammation, calc.twist
    advance: workup complete + torsion ruled out
  6. 6BRANCHING_WORKUP
    STI-suspected → CDC dual therapy; enteric → FQ or TMP-SMX; viral suspicion (mumps) → serology + supportive; TB / brucella suspicion → microbiology + ID consult; amiodarone → drug-induced workup (CDC STI 2021; EAU 2017; Davis 2010)
    advance: pathway selected
  7. 7DIFFERENTIAL
    Epididymitis vs orchitis vs testicular torsion vs torsion of appendix testis vs Fournier (sepsis + crepitus) vs incarcerated hernia vs scrotal trauma vs HSP vs idiopathic scrotal edema vs malignancy (EAU 2017; AUA 2017)
    advance: differential narrowed
  8. 8RISK_STRATIFICATION
    Severity (febrile / sepsis / abscess / failed PO trial); STI vs enteric pivot; comorbidity (IC, BPH); TWIST adjudication (Barbosa 2013; EAU 2017)
    actions: calc.twist
    advance: tier selected
  9. 9TREATMENT
    STI-suspected → ceftriaxone 500 mg IM × 1 + doxycycline 100 mg PO BID × 10 d (CDC STI 2021); enteric → levofloxacin 500 mg PO daily × 10 d OR TMP-SMX DS BID × 10 d (EAU 2017); mumps → supportive + interferon-α (experimental); abscess → drainage + IV broad-spectrum; supportive: scrotal elevation, NSAID, ice (EAU 2017; CDC STI 2021)
    advance: regimen prescribed
  10. 10DISPOSITION
    Outpatient if PO-tolerant + low-risk; admit if abscess / sepsis / non-PO / pregnancy of partner concern; ICU if urosepsis or Fournier overlap (EAU 2017; SCC 2026)
    advance: disposition documented
  11. 11MONITORING
    Symptom + fever resolution at 48–72 h; partner notification + EPT for STI; culture-directed narrowing at 48 h; serial POCUS if abscess concern (CDC STI 2021; EAU 2017)
    advance: monitoring plan documented
  12. 12FOLLOWUP
    Urology if non-resolving > 2 wk / suspected malignancy / abscess; fertility counsel if bilateral / mumps; chronic epididymalgia management; STI re-test in 3 months (CDC STI 2021; EAU 2017)
    advance: follow-up scheduled