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Patient handout

Pediatric UTI (neonate / infant / older child / adolescent; VUR, recurrent, dysfunctional voiding)

PRODUCTION

1. Your condition

This handout is for pediatric uti (neonate / infant / older child / adolescent; vur, recurrent, dysfunctional voiding). Your care team identified this based on: infant <2 mo with rectal temperature ≥38.0°c — uti is on the differential; full workup pathway (peds.febrile-infant.core.v1) (aap 2011).

Other reasons your team may use this plan: febrile child 2–24 mo without clear source — ua + culture per aap 2011 bagga criteria (pmid 21873693); verbal child / adolescent with dysuria + frequency + urgency (similar to adult uncomplicated cystitis); first uti in a male child — always abnormal until proven otherwise (posterior urethral valves / vur workup) (aap 2011).

2. Your medications

Take these medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change a dose without talking to your provider.

MedicationStarting doseHowWhenWhat it does
ampicillin50–100 mg/kg/dose IV q6–8h (neonatal dosing)IVq6–8hPediatric neonatal sepsis empiric — Listeria + Enterococcus coverage (peds.febrile-infant.core.v1)
gentamicin4–5 mg/kg/dose IV q24h (neonatal — adjust per gestational age)IVq24hPediatric neonatal sepsis empiric — gram-negative coverage; renal function monitoring (peds.febrile-infant.core.v1)
cefotaxime50 mg/kg/dose IV q8h (neonatal)IVq8hAlternative to gent — better CNS penetration if meningitis concern (AAP)

Plan: Pediatric UTI — age-tiered empiric (IV in <2 mo, IV ceftriaxone or oral cef in 2–24 mo, oral amoxicillin / cephalexin / TMP-SMX in older child) + VUR prophylaxis (TMP-SMX or nitrofurantoin low-dose) + AVOID FQ / tetracyclines <8 yo / sulfa <2 mo

3. When to call your provider

Contact your care team if any of the following happen:

  • Treatment failure at 48–72 h → admit
  • Vomiting / non-PO → admit
  • Ill-appearing at follow-up → ED

4. When to seek emergency care

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away if you have:

  • Infant <2 mo with rectal temperature ≥38.0°C — FULL sepsis workup (CBC, CMP, UA via catheter / SPA, blood culture, LP) + IV abx (ampicillin + gentamicin) + admit; route to peds.febrile-infant.core.v1 (AAP 2011)
  • Known congenital anomaly (PUV, UPJ obstruction, neurogenic bladder, duplex system) + UTI — urology co-management; broader empirics until culture; consider imaging for obstruction (AUA pediatric)

5. Follow-up

Renal + bladder US in 2–24 mo after first febrile UTI; VCUG if atypical / recurrent / abnormal US; DMSA if recurrent; urology referral if VUR / anatomic anomaly / male / recurrent; prophylaxis discussion (RIVUR / PRIVENT); dysfunctional voiding pathway (uro.urinary-incontinence-eval.v1); circumcision discussion in recurrent uncircumcised (AAP 2011)

6. Sources

Guideline: AAP 2011 UTI Clinical Practice Guideline (Roberts) + AAP 2016 reaffirmation + RIVUR antimicrobial-prophylaxis VUR trial 2014 + IDSA Asymptomatic Bacteriuria 2019 (do-not-treat ASB)

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21873693
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27940735
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24795142