Tier 1 - DrugEffectProfile317 profiles - 214 classes

Drug Atlas

Profiles by class

5alpha reductase inhibitor - 1

acei - 8

alkalinizing agent - 1

alpha beta blocker - 1

alpha blocker - 1

alpha glucosidase inhibitor - 2

alpha1a blocker - 1

alpha2 agonist muscle relaxant - 1

alpha2 agonist sedative - 1

aminopenicillin - 1

aminopenicillin bli - 1

analgesic antipyretic - 1

anti inflammatory - 1

antiarrhythmic av blocker - 1

antiarrhythmic class ib - 1

antiarrhythmic class ic - 2

antiarrhythmic class iii - 3

antiarrhythmic class iii beta blocker - 1

antibiotic rifamycin nonabsorbable - 1

anticholinergic cardiac - 1

anticoagulant doac xa - 2

anticoagulant dti - 1

anticoagulant factor xa indirect - 1

anticoagulant lmwh - 1

anticoagulant ufh - 1

anticoagulant vka - 1

anticonvulsant - 2

anticonvulsant broad - 1

anticonvulsant mood stabilizer - 1

anticonvulsant na channel - 4

anticonvulsant sv2a - 1

antidepressant nassa - 1

antidepressant sari - 1

antidiarrheal opioid - 1

antidote adh inhibitor - 1

antidote adsorbent - 1

antidote benzodiazepine - 1

antidote lipid emulsion - 1

antidote nac - 1

antidote opioid antagonist - 1

antiemetic 5ht3 - 1

antifibrinolytic - 1

antifungal azole - 4

antifungal echinocandin - 3

antifungal polyene - 1

antihistamine 1st gen - 1

antihistamine serotonin antagonist - 1

antimalarial dmard - 1

antiplatelet cox1 - 1

antiplatelet p2y12 - 3

antiplatelet p2y12 iv - 1

antipsychotic atypical - 4

antispasmodic anticholinergic - 2

antithyroid thionamide - 1

antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor - 1

antiviral nucleoside - 1

arb - 7

arni - 1

atypical antipsychotic - 5

atypical opioid - 1

azapirone anxiolytic - 1

barbiturate anesthetic - 1

barbiturate anticonvulsant - 1

benzodiazepine - 3

beta blocker alpha - 1

beta blocker cardioselective - 2

beta blocker evidence - 3

beta blocker nonselective - 2

biguanide - 1

bile acid - 1

carbapenem - 3

carbapenem bli - 1

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - 1

cardiac glycoside - 1

cardiac myosin inhibitor - 1

ccb dhp - 2

ccb dihydropyridine - 1

ccb nondhp - 2

central alpha2 - 3

cephalosporin 1st gen - 1

cephalosporin 2nd gen cephamycin - 1

cephalosporin 3rd gen - 3

cephalosporin 4th gen - 1

cephalosporin 5th gen - 1

cephalosporin bli - 2

chloride channel activator - 1

colloid volume expander - 1

corticosteroid high potency - 1

corticosteroid oral - 1

corticosteroid stress dose - 1

corticosteroid systemic - 1

cox2 inhibitor - 1

dhp ccb - 1

direct renin inhibitor - 1

dissociative anesthetic - 1

dmard - 1

doac xai - 1

dopamine agonist - 4

dopamine precursor - 1

dpp4 inhibitor - 2

electrolyte antidote - 1

electrolyte replacement - 3

fibrinolytic - 2

fluoroquinolone - 2

folate antagonist antibiotic - 1

full opioid agonist - 1

gaba b agonist - 1

gabapentinoid - 2

gc c agonist - 1

gi cytoprotective - 1

gi protectant - 1

gip glp1 agonist - 1

glp1 agonist - 3

glucocorticoid - 1

glycopeptide antibiotic - 1

glycylcycline - 1

h2ra - 1

heparin antidote - 1

ics - 1

if channel inhibitor - 1

inotrope beta1 - 1

inotrope pde3 - 1

insulin long acting - 1

insulin rapid acting - 1

insulin short acting - 1

iv beta blocker - 1

iv ccb dhp - 2

iv d1 agonist - 1

iv induction agent - 1

iv nitrate - 1

iv vasodilator arterial venous - 1

k binder - 2

k sparing diuretic - 2

late sodium current inhibitor - 1

lincosamide - 1

lipid acl inhibitor - 1

lipid npc1l1 - 1

lipid pcsk9 mab - 2

lipid pcsk9 sirna - 1

lipoglycopeptide - 1

lipopeptide - 1

loop diuretic - 4

ltra - 1

macrolide antibiotic - 1

mineralocorticoid - 1

mood stabilizer - 1

mra - 2

mu opioid agonist nri - 1

multimodal serotonergic - 1

muscle relaxant central - 3

natriuretic peptide - 1

ndri - 1

nitrate - 2

nitrofuran - 1

nitroimidazole antibiotic - 1

nmba depolarizing - 1

nmba nondepolarizing - 3

nmda antagonist - 1

nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic - 2

ns mra - 1

nsaid - 3

nsaid nonselective - 1

omega 3 epa - 1

opioid antagonist - 1

opioid natural - 1

opioid synthetic - 1

osmotic diuretic - 1

osmotic laxative - 3

osmotic therapy - 1

oxazolidinone - 2

pancreatic hormone antidote - 1

partial opioid agonist - 1

penicillin bli - 1

phenothiazine antiemetic - 1

phenothiazine antihistamine - 1

phosphonic acid - 1

polymyxin - 1

pressor alpha1 - 1

pressor at1 agonist - 1

pressor inotrope dose dependent - 1

pressor inotrope mixed - 1

pressor pure alpha1 - 1

pressor v1a - 1

prokinetic - 1

prostaglandin analog - 1

proton pump inhibitor - 3

rescue antidote - 1

saba beta2 agonist - 1

sama anticholinergic - 1

sari - 1

sedative hypnotic - 1

sglt2 - 3

skeletal muscle relaxant direct - 1

snri - 4

somatostatin analogue - 1

ssri - 3

ssri 5ht1a - 1

statin - 7

tca - 3

tetracycline - 1

thiazide - 2

thiazide like - 1

thiazide like diuretic - 1

thionamide antithyroid - 1

thyroid hormone - 1

topical analgesic - 1

triptan - 2

typical antipsychotic - 2

tzd - 1

v2 antagonist - 1

vasodilator - 2

vasopressin analogue - 1

vitamin k - 1

xanthine oxidase inhibitor - 1

Lisinopril

acei - RxNorm 29046

Last refresh

2026-04-14

Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme → ↓ angiotensin II → vasodilation (↓SBP + ↓afterload) + ↓ aldosterone (mild K+ rise, mild hemodynamic Cr rise)

Start dose

5 mg

Target dose

20 mg

Frequency

daily

Half-life

12h

Effect curves (4)

sbp

loglinear

mg_daily -> mmHg

-9.1

mmHg

CI 95%

-10.2 to -8

N patients

40,000

Onset

Steady state

14d

Source: meta analysis - law_bmj_2003 - certainty: HIGH

HTN patients pooled across 354 RCTs, SBP ≥ 140

Phenotype modifiers (2)

x0.65black_race_monotherapy - ALLHAT + guidelines: ACEi monotherapy has attenuated BP effect in Black patients; combine with thiazide or CCB
x1.15chronic_kidney_disease - Volume-overloaded CKD patients tend to respond more robustly

dbp

loglinear

mg_daily -> mmHg

-5.5

mmHg

CI 95%

-6.3 to -4.7

N patients

40,000

Onset

Steady state

14d

Source: meta analysis - law_bmj_2003 - certainty: HIGH

HTN patients pooled across 354 RCTs

k

fixed_effect

mg_daily -> mmol/L

+0.15

mmol/L

CI 95%

0.08 to 0.22

N patients

3,164

Onset

48h

Steady state

14d

Source: pivotal rct - atlas_1999 - certainty: HIGH

HFrEF NYHA II–IV patients in ATLAS

Phenotype modifiers (3)

x2egfr < 60 - Impaired renal K excretion amplifies ACEi-mediated K retention
x3egfr < 30 - Severe CKD — high hyperkalemia risk; prefer ARB or MRA alternative
x2.5on_mra - Additive K retention with spironolactone / eplerenone

egfr

fixed_effect

mg_daily -> ml/min/1.73m2

-3.5

ml/min/1.73m2

CI 95%

-5.1 to -1.9

N patients

3,164

Onset

24h

Steady state

21d

Source: pivotal rct - atlas_1999 - certainty: MODERATE

HFrEF patients on lisinopril — expected hemodynamic dip, stabilizes by week 3

Phenotype modifiers (1)

x5bilateral_ras_or_solitary_kidney_ras - RAAS blockade in RAS removes efferent arteriolar tone → severe GFR drop (absolute contraindication)

Drug interactions (4)

sacubitril/valsartancontraindication

Bradykinin accumulation → angioedema

-> Do not co-administer. 36-hour washout required when switching to ARNI.

aliskirencontraindication

Dual RAAS blockade → hyperkalemia + AKI

-> Avoid combination, especially in diabetics (ALTITUDE trial stopped early)

potassium_supplementcaution

Additive hyperkalemia

-> Hold K supplements unless K+ < 3.5; monitor K+ weekly at start

nsaidcaution

Attenuated BP effect + AKI risk + hyperkalemia

-> Avoid chronic NSAID; use acetaminophen instead

Contraindications (3)

-angioedema history[acc_aha_hfsa_2022]
-pregnancy[fda_pregnancy_x]
-bilateral renal artery stenosis[acc_aha_hfsa_2022]

Kinetics

Half-life

12h

Steady state

Renal cleared

100%

Hepatic cleared