Infective endocarditis (Duke-ISCVID)
Encounter flow
12/12 authoredCanonical 12-phase frame with authored status for this dossier.
Frame
Activate Endocarditis Team (cards, ID, CT surgery) per 2023 ESC
Endocarditis Team engaged
Patient inputs (12)
Age-related epidemiology + drug dosing (ACC/AHA 2022)
Three sets BEFORE empirical abx (Duke major criterion) (ACC/AHA 2022)
First-line; TEE for prosthetic / CIED / non-diagnostic TTE (ACC/AHA 2022)
Fever pattern + sepsis screen (ACC/AHA 2022)
Sepsis / septic shock detection (ACC/AHA 2022)
Vancomycin / aminoglycoside / β-lactam dosing (ACC/AHA 2022)
2023 ESC modified criteria — prosthetic valve / CIED diagnostic
Drives empirical abx + abscess risk + surgery threshold (ACC/AHA 2022)
CIED IE → complete extraction (ACC/AHA 2022)
Right-sided IE; typically S. aureus (ACC/AHA 2022)
β-lactam / vancomycin allergy alters regimen (ACC/AHA 2022)
Required for prosthetic valve / CIED / suspected abscess (ACC/AHA 2022)
* = hard-required. Engine cannot meaningfully run until these are filled.
Severity triggers (6)
- informationallife_threateningseptic_shock_in_ieIE complicated by septic shock (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationallife_threateningembolic_strokeAcute stroke as IE complication (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationalsevereesc_surgical_indications≥1 of: HF from valve destruction / uncontrolled infection / abscess / persistent bacteremia >5 d / vegetation >10 mm + embolic / prosthetic / perivalvular extension (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationalseverecied_infectionCIED system infection (pocket, lead, valve) (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationalseverepersistent_bacteremiaBCs positive >5 d on appropriate abx (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationalseverelarge_vegetation_embolic_riskVegetation >10 mm + ≥1 embolic event OR vegetation >15 mm (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
Workflow calculators
Run this disease's risk and dosing calculators inline.
Recommended regimen
IE pathogen-directed antibiotics + surgical decision (2023 AHA/ACC + ESC)- vancomycinfirst lineglycopeptide25–30 mg/kg load IV → 15–20 mg/kg q8–12h targeting AUC24 400–600 • IV • q8–12htriggers: empirical_native_IECovers MRSA + Streptococci; AUC-guided dosing (ACC/AHA 2022)rxcui 11124
- ceftriaxonefirst linecephalosporin_3rd_gen2 g IV q24h • IV • q24htriggers: empirical_native_IECovers Streptococci, HACEK (ACC/AHA 2022)rxcui 2193
- ampicillinadd onaminopenicillin2 g IV q4h • IV • q4htriggers: empirical_with_enterococcal_risk, prosthetic_valve_IECovers Enterococci (ACC/AHA 2022)rxcui 733
- gentamicinadd onaminoglycoside3 mg/kg/d IV (divided q8h or once daily) — synergy • IV • q8htriggers: enterococcal_synergy, prosthetic_valve_with_specific_organismsAHA 2015 — no longer routine for native S. aureus IErxcui 1596450
ed playbook — drug actions (3)
- 1. empirical vancomycin + ceftriaxoneVanc 25–30 mg/kg load + ceftriaxone 2 g IV • IV • load nowtrigger: Hemodynamic instability or rapidly progressive after BCs drawn (ACC/AHA 2022)Cover MRSA + Strep + HACEK (ACC/AHA 2022)
- 2. add ampicillin if enterococcal risk2 g IV q4h • IV • q4htrigger: Older / GU instrumentation / prosthetic valve (ACC/AHA 2022)Cover Enterococci (ACC/AHA 2022)
- 3. sepsis bundle if septicPer SSC 2026 • IV • per protocoltrigger: Septic shock from IE (ACC/AHA 2022)Hour-1 bundle (ACC/AHA 2022)
Auto-drafted A&P note
edSubjective
- Possible entry pathways: Fever + new murmur / vegetation (ACC/AHA 2022); Persistent bacteremia (≥2 sets, typical organism) (ACC/AHA 2022); Embolic stroke, septic emboli, Janeway / Osler / Roth (ACC/AHA 2022).
Objective
- No vitals, labs, or imaging entered for this encounter.
Assessment
**Infective endocarditis (Duke-ISCVID)** (cardio.infective-endocarditis.core.v1). Phenotype framing: Definite vs possible IE per Duke-ISCVID; native vs prosthetic vs CIED; left- vs right-sided; organism-specific phenotype (ACC/AHA 2022) Scope: Activate Endocarditis Team (cards, ID, CT surgery) per 2023 ESC No severity triggers fired against current inputs.
Plan
Regimen axis: **IE pathogen-directed antibiotics + surgical decision (2023 AHA/ACC + ESC)** — step "Step 1 — Empirical (after 3 BC sets, before culture results)". 1. vancomycin 25–30 mg/kg load IV → 15–20 mg/kg q8–12h targeting AUC24 400–600 IV q8–12h (glycopeptide, first line) — Covers MRSA + Streptococci; AUC-guided dosing (ACC/AHA 2022) 2. ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h IV q24h (cephalosporin_3rd_gen, first line) — Covers Streptococci, HACEK (ACC/AHA 2022) 3. ampicillin 2 g IV q4h IV q4h (aminopenicillin, add on) — Covers Enterococci (ACC/AHA 2022) 4. gentamicin 3 mg/kg/d IV (divided q8h or once daily) — synergy IV q8h (aminoglycoside, add on) — AHA 2015 — no longer routine for native S. aureus IE Setting playbook (ed) — Recognise IE features, draw 3 BCs BEFORE empirical abx, perform STAT TTE, activate Endocarditis Team if criteria met (ACC/AHA 2022) 5. empirical vancomycin + ceftriaxone Vanc 25–30 mg/kg load + ceftriaxone 2 g IV IV load now — Hemodynamic instability or rapidly progressive after BCs drawn (ACC/AHA 2022) (Cover MRSA + Strep + HACEK (ACC/AHA 2022)) 6. add ampicillin if enterococcal risk 2 g IV q4h IV q4h — Older / GU instrumentation / prosthetic valve (ACC/AHA 2022) (Cover Enterococci (ACC/AHA 2022)) 7. sepsis bundle if septic Per SSC 2026 IV per protocol — Septic shock from IE (ACC/AHA 2022) (Hour-1 bundle (ACC/AHA 2022)) Non-pharmacologic actions: - Endocarditis Team consult (cards + ID + CT surgery) (ACC/AHA 2022) - TEE if prosthetic valve / CIED / inconclusive TTE (ACC/AHA 2022) - Cardiothoracic surgery if HF / abscess / large vegetation (ACC/AHA 2022) - Admit telemetry / ICU per stability (ACC/AHA 2022) AVOID / contraindication checks: - Vancomycin_AUC_monitoring_targeted (ACC/AHA 2022) - Gentamicin_renal_otoxicity_monitor (ACC/AHA 2022) - Rifampin_drug_drug_warfarin_DOAC_protease (ACC/AHA 2022) - Daptomycin_NOT_for_pneumonia_surfactant_inactivation (ACC/AHA 2022) - Linezolid_serotonin_+_thrombocytopenia_>2wk (ACC/AHA 2022)
Monitoring
Regimen monitoring: - daily BC until sterile (ACC/AHA 2022) - weekly CBC BMP LFT (ACC/AHA 2022) - vanc AUC q3-5 days (ACC/AHA 2022) - gentamicin peak trough (ACC/AHA 2022) - CK weekly on daptomycin (ACC/AHA 2022) - CRP ESR trend (ACC/AHA 2022) - serial TTE then TEE at 7-10d per response (ACC/AHA 2022) - echo pre-discharge for residual lesion (ACC/AHA 2022) Setting (ed) monitoring: - Vitals continuous (ACC/AHA 2022) - Repeat BCs every 24 h (ACC/AHA 2022) - CRP / ESR baseline (ACC/AHA 2022) Follow-up plan: Post-treatment echo; dental clearance; long-term IE prophylaxis per AHA/ESC indications - Close-out criterion: long-term plan in place Monitoring phase: Daily blood cultures until sterile; weekly CRP / ESR trend; vanc trough/AUC monitoring; ophtho for embolic; weekly creatinine (ACC/AHA 2022)
Disposition
Current setting: ed — Recognise IE features, draw 3 BCs BEFORE empirical abx, perform STAT TTE, activate Endocarditis Team if criteria met (ACC/AHA 2022) Disposition criteria: - Admit telemetry: hemodynamically stable, on IV abx (ACC/AHA 2022) - Admit ICU: septic shock, HF from IE, embolic stroke (ACC/AHA 2022) Escalation triggers (move to higher acuity): - Septic shock → ICU + hour-1 bundle (ACC/AHA 2022) - HF from valvular destruction → STAT cardiothoracic surgery (ACC/AHA 2022) - Embolic stroke → stroke unit + neurosurgical considerations (ACC/AHA 2022) - Persistent bacteremia >5 d → reassess source, source control, possibly surgery (ACC/AHA 2022)
Earlier-Return Triggers
Return-precaution thresholds (watch for): - [LIFE_THREATENING] IE complicated by septic shock (ACC/AHA 2022) - [LIFE_THREATENING] Acute stroke as IE complication (ACC/AHA 2022) - [SEVERE] ≥1 of: HF from valve destruction / uncontrolled infection / abscess / persistent bacteremia >5 d / vegetation >10 mm + embolic / prosthetic / perivalvular extension (ACC/AHA 2022)
Citations
- 2023 AHA/ACC IE focused update + ESC 2023 IE Guidelines + Duke-ISCVID 2023 + POET (NEJM 2019) [PMID:30152252](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30152252/) - Cited evidence (PMID 37622656) [PMID:37622656](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622656/) - Cited evidence (PMID 26373316) [PMID:26373316](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26373316/) - Cited evidence (PMID 37138445) [PMID:37138445](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37138445/) - Cited evidence (PMID 31504413) [PMID:31504413](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31504413/) Last reconciled with current guidelines: 2026-05-10.
- 2023 AHA/ACC IE focused update + ESC 2023 IE Guidelines + Duke-ISCVID 2023 + POET (NEJM 2019) — PMID:30152252
- Cited evidence (PMID 37622656) — PMID:37622656
- Cited evidence (PMID 26373316) — PMID:26373316
- Cited evidence (PMID 37138445) — PMID:37138445
- Cited evidence (PMID 31504413) — PMID:31504413