Pericarditis (acute / recurrent / IMPS)
Encounter flow
11/12 authoredCanonical 12-phase frame with authored status for this dossier.
Frame
Acute (<4–6 wk), incessant (4–12 wk), recurrent (≥1 month-free interval), chronic; IMPS framework (ACC/AHA 2022)
class assigned
Patient inputs (13)
Age + first vs recurrent class affects dose / taper (ACC/AHA 2022)
Tachycardia from inflammation / tamponade (ACC/AHA 2022)
Diffuse ST↑ + PR↓ supports diagnosis (≥2 of 4 ESC criteria)
Detect effusion + tamponade (ACC/AHA 2022)
Myopericarditis screen (RHAPSODY uses CRP+CMR+troponin) (ACC/AHA 2022)
Diagnostic + treatment-response biomarker (ACC/AHA 2022)
Tamponade physiology screen (Beck triad) (ACC/AHA 2022)
Colchicine/NSAID dose adjustment (ACC/AHA 2022)
Confirm myocardial involvement (myopericarditis); fibrosis pattern (ACC/AHA 2022)
Most common idiopathic / viral etiology (ACC/AHA 2022)
Dressler / post-pericardiotomy syndrome (ACC/AHA 2022)
SLE / RA / vasculitis / uremic pericarditis (ACC/AHA 2022)
Neoplastic pericardial disease (ACC/AHA 2022)
* = hard-required. Engine cannot meaningfully run until these are filled.
Severity triggers (6)
- informationallife_threateningtamponade_complicating_pericarditisBeck triad / pulsus paradoxus / hemodynamic compromise with effusion (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationalseveremyopericarditis_with_troponinPericarditis + troponin rise (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationalseveretb_or_bacterial_purulentFever + pericardial fluid neutrophilic / AFB + / culture + (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationalsevereconstrictive_evolutionPersistent symptoms + pericardial thickening on CMR + RH cath consistent with constriction (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationalmoderaterefractory_recurrent≥3 recurrences despite NSAID + colchicine + low-dose steroid (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
- informationalmoderateautoimmune_pericarditisSLE / RA / vasculitis + pericarditis (ACC/AHA 2022)Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
Workflow calculators
Run this disease's risk and dosing calculators inline.
Recommended regimen
Pericarditis — NSAID + colchicine + tapered IL-1 escalation (2025 ESC IMPS)- ibuprofenfirst lineNSAID600–800 mg PO TID with food • PO • TIDtriggers: no_uremia, no_GI_bleed_history, no_AC_useTapered: 600 TID × 1–2 wk → 400 TID × 1 wk → 200 TID × 1 wk (ACC/AHA 2022)rxcui 5640
- aspirinfirst lineNSAID_antiplatelet750–1000 mg PO q8h with PPI • PO • q8htriggers: post_MI_Dressler, on_ACPreferred in post-MI; tapered 1000 TID × 1–2 wk → 500 TID (ACC/AHA 2022)rxcui 1191
- colchicinefirst linetubulin_inhibitor0.5 mg BID (0.5 mg daily if <70 kg or eGFR <60) • PO • BIDtriggers: acute_pericarditis_first_episodeCOPE / ICAP — Class IA, reduces recurrence; ×3 morxcui 2683
- pantoprazoleadd onPPI40 mg • PO • once dailytriggers: NSAID_useGI protection during NSAID course (ACC/AHA 2022)rxcui 40790
outpatient playbook — drug actions (6)
- 1. ibuprofen + colchicineIbuprofen 600–800 mg TID + colchicine 0.5 mg BID × 3 mo • PO • TID + BIDtrigger: First episode (ACC/AHA 2022)COPE / ICAP Class IA
- 2. aspirin + colchicine in post-MIAspirin 750–1000 mg q8h + colchicine 0.5 mg BID • PO • q8h + BIDtrigger: Dressler / post-PCI / on AC (ACC/AHA 2022)Avoid NSAID (ACC/AHA 2022)
- 3. extend colchicine 6 months in recurrent0.5 mg BID × 6 mo • PO • BIDtrigger: Recurrence (ACC/AHA 2022)CORP-2 (ACC/AHA 2022)
- 4. low-dose prednisone0.2–0.5 mg/kg/d, slow taper over 3+ months • PO • dailytrigger: NSAID-contraindicated / refractory / autoimmune (ACC/AHA 2022)Avoid high-dose to minimize relapse (ACC/AHA 2022)
- 5. rilonacept or anakinraRilonacept 320 mg SC load → 160 mg weekly OR anakinra 100 mg SC daily • SC • weekly / dailytrigger: Refractory recurrent / steroid-dependent (ACC/AHA 2022)RHAPSODY / AIRTRIP (ACC/AHA 2022)
- 6. GI protection PPIPantoprazole 40 mg daily • PO • dailytrigger: NSAID + age >65 or GI history (ACC/AHA 2022)PUD prevention (ACC/AHA 2022)
Auto-drafted A&P note
outpatientSubjective
- Possible entry pathways: Pleuritic / positional chest pain (ACC/AHA 2022); Pericardial friction rub on auscultation (ACC/AHA 2022); ECG: diffuse ST elevation + PR depression (ACC/AHA 2022).
Objective
- No vitals, labs, or imaging entered for this encounter.
Assessment
**Pericarditis (acute / recurrent / IMPS)** (cardio.pericarditis.core.v1). Phenotype framing: Pericarditis vs myopericarditis vs constrictive vs effusive-constrictive; etiology classification (ACC/AHA 2022) Scope: Acute (<4–6 wk), incessant (4–12 wk), recurrent (≥1 month-free interval), chronic; IMPS framework (ACC/AHA 2022) No severity triggers fired against current inputs.
Plan
Regimen axis: **Pericarditis — NSAID + colchicine + tapered IL-1 escalation (2025 ESC IMPS)** — step "Step 1 — First episode (acute pericarditis)". 1. ibuprofen 600–800 mg PO TID with food PO TID (NSAID, first line) — Tapered: 600 TID × 1–2 wk → 400 TID × 1 wk → 200 TID × 1 wk (ACC/AHA 2022) 2. aspirin 750–1000 mg PO q8h with PPI PO q8h (NSAID_antiplatelet, first line) — Preferred in post-MI; tapered 1000 TID × 1–2 wk → 500 TID (ACC/AHA 2022) 3. colchicine 0.5 mg BID (0.5 mg daily if <70 kg or eGFR <60) PO BID (tubulin_inhibitor, first line) — COPE / ICAP — Class IA, reduces recurrence; ×3 mo 4. pantoprazole 40 mg PO once daily (PPI, add on) — GI protection during NSAID course (ACC/AHA 2022) Setting playbook (outpatient) — Manage acute or recurrent pericarditis with NSAID + colchicine, escalate to IL-1 if refractory, monitor CRP, restrict activity, screen for myopericarditis (ACC/AHA 2022) 5. ibuprofen + colchicine Ibuprofen 600–800 mg TID + colchicine 0.5 mg BID × 3 mo PO TID + BID — First episode (ACC/AHA 2022) (COPE / ICAP Class IA) 6. aspirin + colchicine in post-MI Aspirin 750–1000 mg q8h + colchicine 0.5 mg BID PO q8h + BID — Dressler / post-PCI / on AC (ACC/AHA 2022) (Avoid NSAID (ACC/AHA 2022)) 7. extend colchicine 6 months in recurrent 0.5 mg BID × 6 mo PO BID — Recurrence (ACC/AHA 2022) (CORP-2 (ACC/AHA 2022)) 8. low-dose prednisone 0.2–0.5 mg/kg/d, slow taper over 3+ months PO daily — NSAID-contraindicated / refractory / autoimmune (ACC/AHA 2022) (Avoid high-dose to minimize relapse (ACC/AHA 2022)) 9. rilonacept or anakinra Rilonacept 320 mg SC load → 160 mg weekly OR anakinra 100 mg SC daily SC weekly / daily — Refractory recurrent / steroid-dependent (ACC/AHA 2022) (RHAPSODY / AIRTRIP (ACC/AHA 2022)) 10. GI protection PPI Pantoprazole 40 mg daily PO daily — NSAID + age >65 or GI history (ACC/AHA 2022) (PUD prevention (ACC/AHA 2022)) Non-pharmacologic actions: - Activity restriction — no competitive sports until inflammation resolves (≥3 mo for athletes) (ACC/AHA 2022) - CRP-driven taper completion (ACC/AHA 2022) - Cardiology referral if recurrent or constrictive evolution (ACC/AHA 2022) - Etiology workup if atypical (ACC/AHA 2022) AVOID / contraindication checks: - NSAID_AVOID_uremic_or_post_MI_acute (ACC/AHA 2022) - Colchicine_renal_dose_eGFR<60_or_lt_70kg (ACC/AHA 2022) - Colchicine_drug_drug_macrolide_statin_CYP3A4 (ACC/AHA 2022) - Steroid_high_dose_AVOID_relapse_risk (ACC/AHA 2022) - IL_1_blocker_screen_active_infection (ACC/AHA 2022)
Monitoring
Regimen monitoring: - CRP weekly until normal (ACC/AHA 2022) - symptom diary - colchicine GI renal LFT (ACC/AHA 2022) - ECG + echo at each visit (ACC/AHA 2022) - CMR for myopericarditis evaluation (ACC/AHA 2022) - activity restriction 3-6 months (ACC/AHA 2022) Setting (outpatient) monitoring: - CRP weekly until normal (ACC/AHA 2022) - Symptom diary (ACC/AHA 2022) - Echo at 1 month and per recurrence (ACC/AHA 2022) - CMR if myopericarditis (ACC/AHA 2022) Follow-up plan: Recurrence prevention; cardiology referral for recurrent or constrictive evaluation (ACC/AHA 2022) - Close-out criterion: follow-up scheduled Monitoring phase: CRP weekly until normal; symptom diary; monitor colchicine GI / renal; activity restriction (no competitive sports until inflammation resolves) (ACC/AHA 2022)
Disposition
Current setting: outpatient — Manage acute or recurrent pericarditis with NSAID + colchicine, escalate to IL-1 if refractory, monitor CRP, restrict activity, screen for myopericarditis (ACC/AHA 2022) Disposition criteria: - Outpatient if low-risk (no fever, no large effusion, no troponin rise, NSAID-responsive) (ACC/AHA 2022) - Admit if high-risk features (per ESC) Escalation triggers (move to higher acuity): - Tamponade physiology → ED (ACC/AHA 2022) - Recurrence on max therapy → IL-1 blockade (ACC/AHA 2022) - Constrictive features → pericardiectomy referral (ACC/AHA 2022) - High fever >38 + WBC + bacterial features → admit for purulent / TB workup (ACC/AHA 2022)
Earlier-Return Triggers
Return-precaution thresholds (watch for): - [LIFE_THREATENING] Beck triad / pulsus paradoxus / hemodynamic compromise with effusion (ACC/AHA 2022) - [SEVERE] Pericarditis + troponin rise (ACC/AHA 2022) - [SEVERE] Fever + pericardial fluid neutrophilic / AFB + / culture + (ACC/AHA 2022)
Citations
- 2025 ESC Myocarditis/Pericarditis Guideline (IMPS) + 2025 ACC Expert Consensus [PMID:16186437](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16186437/) - Cited evidence (PMID 23992557) [PMID:23992557](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23992557/) - Cited evidence (PMID 21873705) [PMID:21873705](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21873705/) - Cited evidence (PMID 24694983) [PMID:24694983](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24694983/) - Cited evidence (PMID 33200890) [PMID:33200890](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33200890/) Last reconciled with current guidelines: 2026-05-10.
- 2025 ESC Myocarditis/Pericarditis Guideline (IMPS) + 2025 ACC Expert Consensus — PMID:16186437
- Cited evidence (PMID 23992557) — PMID:23992557
- Cited evidence (PMID 21873705) — PMID:21873705
- Cited evidence (PMID 24694983) — PMID:24694983
- Cited evidence (PMID 33200890) — PMID:33200890