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cardio.stemi.behcet-coronary-vasculitis.v1PRODUCTION
cardio.stemi.behcet-coronary-vasculitis.v1

STEMI — Behçet-disease-associated coronary vasculitis (variable-vessel vasculitis with aneurysms + thrombosis)

cardiologyacuteadult
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STEMI in BD patient with three differential drivers: (1) ACTIVE CORONARY VASCULITIS with aneurysm thrombosis (this engine — IVUS/OCT shows vessel-wall inflammation + aneurysm thrombus, requires high-dose immunosuppression + careful PCI / CABG); (2) CORONARY SPASM (less common; nitrates + CCB); (3) thrombosis-predominant without active inflammation (still requires immunosuppression to prevent recurrence). AVOID fibrinolysis given aneurysm rupture risk; AVOID aspirin monotherapy as sole antithrombotic in pure-vasculitic phenotype.

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Behçet-associated etiology framed

Patient inputs (12)

Acute-phase reactants — typically elevated in active vasculo-Behçet (unlike pure SLE where CRP often spared); guides immunosuppression intensity

Behçet typical onset 25-30 yr; vasculo-Behçet predominantly young men; STEMI <50 with mucocutaneous features should trigger BD workup

Baseline + contrast nephropathy + cyclophosphamide / MMF dose adjustment + AC dosing

ISG criteria: recurrent oral ulceration ≥3/yr PLUS ≥2 of recurrent genital ulceration, eye lesions (uveitis), skin lesions (erythema nodosum, pseudofolliculitis), positive pathergy — central diagnostic anchor

STEMI territory localization; pericarditis pattern overlap (BD pericarditis common comorbid)

Quantifies infarct burden; persistent elevation may suggest ongoing vasculitis vs single-event thrombosis

LVEF + regional wall motion + pericardial effusion (BD pericarditis common comorbid) + valve assessment + intracardiac thrombus screen

Hypotension + STEMI in BD with coronary aneurysm thrombosis → cardiogenic shock high probability; rupture of coronary or extra-coronary aneurysm produces shock

Diagnostic + therapeutic gold standard; BD vasculitis often shows aneurysmal coronary segments (saccular), intra-aneurysmal thrombus, multivessel involvement; AVOID fibrinolysis given rupture risk

HLA-B51 frequent (~60% Mediterranean / Silk Road); supports BD diagnosis when clinical features incomplete

IVUS/OCT distinguishes vasculitic vessel-wall inflammation + aneurysm wall integrity from atherosclerotic plaque; identifies stent landing zones avoiding aneurysmal segments; drives PCI vs CABG decision

Pathergy test (sterile pustule at needle prick site) + ophthalmology eye exam (anterior + posterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis) — complete BD criteria assessment

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Severity triggers (7)

7 need judgement
  • informationallife_threateningbehcet_active_coronary_vasculitis_with_stemi
    IVUS/OCT confirms vessel-wall inflammation + aneurysm with thrombus + active BD features (mucocutaneous, ocular, vascular, elevated ESR/CRP) at index STEMI → high-dose pulse steroids + cyclophosphamide immediately; AVOID fibrinolysis (rupture risk)
    Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
  • informationallife_threateningbehcet_pulmonary_artery_aneurysm_with_hemoptysis
    Massive hemoptysis + pulmonary artery aneurysm on CTA in BD patient → CHARACTERISTIC VASCULO-BEHÇET EMERGENCY; aneurysm rupture imminent or ongoing; mortality without rapid intervention
    Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
  • informationallife_threateningbehcet_extra_coronary_aneurysm_rupture_with_concurrent_stemi
    Aortic / abdominal / splenic / renal aneurysm rupture with concurrent BD-STEMI → multi-organ vascular emergency; mortality high without simultaneous vascular surgery + cardiac care
    Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
  • informationallife_threateningbehcet_neuro_behcet_with_concurrent_stemi
    New CNS deficits (parenchymal — brainstem common; or vascular — cerebral venous thrombosis) + STEMI in BD patient → concurrent neuro-Behçet flare; immunosuppression must address both compartments
    Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
  • informationallife_threateningbehcet_sudden_cardiac_death_risk_after_event
    EF <35 + non-sustained VT on telemetry post-BD-STEMI → SCD risk in 40-90 d window (often young patients with lifetime ICD implications)
    Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
  • informationalsevereimmunosuppression_related_infection_during_taper
    New fever / infiltrate / cytopenia during high-dose steroid + cyclophosphamide / TNF-α inhibitor — opportunistic infection (PJP, CMV, fungal, TB reactivation especially with TNF-α) high risk
    Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.
  • informationalseverebehcet_smoking_relapse_with_vascular_flare
    Smoking relapse + new vascular event (DVT, arterial thrombosis, aneurysm enlargement) in BD patient — smoking is major vasculo-Behçet flare trigger
    Trigger could not be auto-evaluated — needs clinician judgement.

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Recommended regimen

Behçet coronary vasculitis + STEMI regimen — combines acute reperfusion (PCI ONLY, NO lysis) with high-dose immunosuppression and lifelong colchicine + maintenance immunosuppression + secondary prevention
axis: behcet_coronary_vasculitis_stemi_phenotype
Selected axis "Behçet coronary vasculitis + STEMI regimen — combines acute reperfusion (PCI ONLY, NO lysis) with high-dose immunosuppression and lifelong colchicine + maintenance immunosuppression + secondary prevention" by default fallback (first axis)
  • aspirin
    first line
    antiplatelet_cox1
    162-325 mg chewed load → 81 mg daily lifelong • PO • daily indefinitely
    triggers: behcet_stemi_confirmed_with_thrombus
    AHA 2025 ACS Class I + EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) — ASA in BD arterial event with thrombus; AVOID aspirin MONOTHERAPY as sole antithrombotic in pure-vasculitic phenotype (does not address inflammation)
    rxcui 243670
  • ticagrelor
    first line
    p2y12_inhibitor
    180 mg load → 90 mg BID • PO • BID × 12 mo standard DAPT, then reassess given vasculitis status
    triggers: behcet_stemi_pci_planned
    PLATO PMID 19717846; standard ACS DAPT applies; duration extension if persistent vasculitis activity or recurrent thrombus
    rxcui 1116632
  • unfractionated_heparin
    first line
    parenteral_anticoagulant
    70-100 U/kg IV bolus + activated infusion • IV • bolus + infusion at PCI
    triggers: behcet_stemi_pci_planned
    AHA 2025 Class I for PCI; UFH preferred over LMWH given more reversible if aneurysm bleeding complication
    rxcui 5224
  • atorvastatin
    first line
    statin_high_intensity
    80 mg daily lifelong • PO • daily
    triggers: behcet_stemi_confirmed
    PROVE-IT PMID 15007110; high-intensity statin lifelong post-MI; pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effect particularly relevant for BD endothelial dysfunction
    rxcui 83367
  • colchicine
    first line
    antimitotic_microtubule_inhibitor
    0.5-1 mg PO daily (Mediterranean fever dose); 0.6 mg BID alternative • PO • daily lifelong
    triggers: behcet_diagnosis_confirmed, behcet_stemi_index_event
    EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) Class I — colchicine foundational for ALL BD patients; mucocutaneous + arthritis benefit + modest vascular benefit; renal-adjusted; eGFR <30 contraindicated for chronic use
    rxcui 2683
  • methylprednisolone
    rescue
    corticosteroid_iv_pulse
    1 g IV daily × 3 days • IV • pulse × 3 d
    triggers: confirmed_behcet_coronary_vasculitis_via_ivus_oct_or_active_clinical_features, severe_vasculo_behcet_flare
    EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) Class I — pulse steroids for severe / vital-organ vasculo-Behçet including coronary vasculitis; bridge to oral prednisone + steroid-sparing agent
    rxcui 6902
  • prednisone
    first line
    corticosteroid_oral
    1 mg/kg PO daily, taper over months • PO • daily with taper schedule
    triggers: post_pulse_steroid_taper, maintenance_behcet_immunosuppression
    EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) — oral steroid taper after pulse; goal is steroid minimization with steroid-sparing agent (azathioprine / MMF / TNF-α inhibitor)
    rxcui 8640
  • cyclophosphamide
    add on
    cytotoxic_alkylating
    500-1000 mg/m² IV monthly × 6 (or low-dose Euro-Lupus 500 mg q2w × 6) • IV • monthly × 6
    triggers: severe_vasculo_behcet_with_coronary_aneurysm_or_pulmonary_artery_aneurysm, refractory_to_steroids_alone
    EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) Class I — cyclophosphamide for severe / vital-organ vasculo-Behçet; coronary + pulmonary artery aneurysms qualify; gonadotoxic — counseling required
    rxcui 3002
  • infliximab
    second line
    tnf_alpha_inhibitor_monoclonal
    5 mg/kg IV at 0, 2, 6 weeks then q6-8 weeks • IV • q6-8 weeks
    triggers: refractory_behcet_coronary_vasculitis_despite_steroids_+_cyclophosphamide, steroid_sparing_alternative, concurrent_uveitis
    EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) — TNF-α inhibitor (infliximab or adalimumab) for refractory severe BD; Sfikakis 2004 (PMID 15571742) supports use; screen for latent TB + hepatitis pre-initiation
    rxcui 191831
  • azathioprine
    add on
    immunosuppressant_purine_synthesis_inhibitor
    2-3 mg/kg/d PO; check TPMT before initiation • PO • daily
    triggers: steroid_sparing_maintenance, eye_disease_prevention
    Hamuryudan 2004 (PMID 14730108) — azathioprine reduces eye disease + vascular events in BD; foundational maintenance steroid-sparing agent
    rxcui 1256
  • mycophenolate_mofetil
    second line
    immunosuppressant_imp_dh_inhibitor
    1-3 g/d divided BID • PO • BID
    triggers: azathioprine_intolerant_or_TPMT_deficient, maintenance_immunosuppression
    EULAR 2018 — MMF alternative steroid-sparing maintenance; teratogenic — switch off before conception
    rxcui 68149
  • warfarin
    comorbidity specific
    vitamin_k_antagonist
    5 mg daily; INR target 2-3 ONLY if clear thrombus burden + concurrent immunosuppression; AVOID in pure-vasculitic without thrombus given aneurysm rupture risk • PO • daily
    triggers: concurrent_dvt_pe_with_documented_thrombus_+_active_immunosuppression, mechanical_valve_indication_only
    EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) — AC controversial in BD; immunosuppression is primary therapy for vasculo-Behçet vascular events; AC ONLY with concurrent immunosuppression and clear thrombus; aneurysm rupture risk; venous thrombosis treated with immunosuppression rather than AC alone in BD
    rxcui 11289
  • carvedilol
    first line
    beta_blocker_nonselective
    3.125 mg BID titrate • PO • BID
    triggers: behcet_stemi_with_lv_dysfunction, ef_below_40
    CAPRICORN PMID 11356436 — post-MI BB benefit; carvedilol preferred for HFrEF GDMT
    rxcui 20352
  • sacubitril-valsartan
    add on
    arni
    24/26 mg BID titrate • PO • BID
    triggers: behcet_stemi_with_ef_below_40_post_event
    PIONEER-HF PMID 30403955; ACC/AHA 2022 HF Class I if HFrEF persists post-MI
    rxcui 1656328

outpatient playbook — drug actions (1)

  1. 1. continue lifelong bundle
    rxcui 243670
    ASA 81 + atorvastatin 80 + colchicine 0.5-1 mg daily + maintenance immunosuppression (azathioprine / MMF / TNF-α inhibitor) per rheumatology + GDMT if HFrEF • PO • as scheduled
    trigger: BD coronary disease lifelong
    EULAR 2018 + AHA 2025 ACS

Auto-drafted A&P note

outpatient

Subjective

- Possible entry pathways: STEMI in patient with established Behçet disease — coronary vasculitis vs aneurysm thrombosis vs spasm triage; STEMI in young man (20-40 yr; Mediterranean / Silk Road origin) with recurrent oral + genital ulcers + uveitis + skin lesions → de novo Behçet consideration; Coronary cath shows aneurysmal coronary segments (saccular, mycotic-like appearance) with intra-aneurysmal thrombus → variable-vessel vasculitis suspect; AVOID fibrinolysis given rupture risk.

Objective

- No vitals, labs, or imaging entered for this encounter.

Assessment

**STEMI — Behçet-disease-associated coronary vasculitis (variable-vessel vasculitis with aneurysms + thrombosis)** (cardio.stemi.behcet-coronary-vasculitis.v1).
Scope: STEMI in BD patient with three differential drivers: (1) ACTIVE CORONARY VASCULITIS with aneurysm thrombosis (this engine — IVUS/OCT shows vessel-wall inflammation + aneurysm thrombus, requires high-dose immunosuppression + careful PCI / CABG); (2) CORONARY SPASM (less common; nitrates + CCB); (3) thrombosis-predominant without active inflammation (still requires immunosuppression to prevent recurrence). AVOID fibrinolysis given aneurysm rupture risk; AVOID aspirin monotherapy as sole antithrombotic in pure-vasculitic phenotype.

No severity triggers fired against current inputs.

Plan

Regimen axis: **Behçet coronary vasculitis + STEMI regimen — combines acute reperfusion (PCI ONLY, NO lysis) with high-dose immunosuppression and lifelong colchicine + maintenance immunosuppression + secondary prevention**.
1. aspirin 162-325 mg chewed load → 81 mg daily lifelong PO daily indefinitely (antiplatelet_cox1, first line) — AHA 2025 ACS Class I + EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) — ASA in BD arterial event with thrombus; AVOID aspirin MONOTHERAPY as sole antithrombotic in pure-vasculitic phenotype (does not address inflammation)
2. ticagrelor 180 mg load → 90 mg BID PO BID × 12 mo standard DAPT, then reassess given vasculitis status (p2y12_inhibitor, first line) — PLATO PMID 19717846; standard ACS DAPT applies; duration extension if persistent vasculitis activity or recurrent thrombus
3. unfractionated_heparin 70-100 U/kg IV bolus + activated infusion IV bolus + infusion at PCI (parenteral_anticoagulant, first line) — AHA 2025 Class I for PCI; UFH preferred over LMWH given more reversible if aneurysm bleeding complication
4. atorvastatin 80 mg daily lifelong PO daily (statin_high_intensity, first line) — PROVE-IT PMID 15007110; high-intensity statin lifelong post-MI; pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effect particularly relevant for BD endothelial dysfunction
5. colchicine 0.5-1 mg PO daily (Mediterranean fever dose); 0.6 mg BID alternative PO daily lifelong (antimitotic_microtubule_inhibitor, first line) — EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) Class I — colchicine foundational for ALL BD patients; mucocutaneous + arthritis benefit + modest vascular benefit; renal-adjusted; eGFR <30 contraindicated for chronic use
6. methylprednisolone 1 g IV daily × 3 days IV pulse × 3 d (corticosteroid_iv_pulse, rescue) — EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) Class I — pulse steroids for severe / vital-organ vasculo-Behçet including coronary vasculitis; bridge to oral prednisone + steroid-sparing agent
7. prednisone 1 mg/kg PO daily, taper over months PO daily with taper schedule (corticosteroid_oral, first line) — EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) — oral steroid taper after pulse; goal is steroid minimization with steroid-sparing agent (azathioprine / MMF / TNF-α inhibitor)
8. cyclophosphamide 500-1000 mg/m² IV monthly × 6 (or low-dose Euro-Lupus 500 mg q2w × 6) IV monthly × 6 (cytotoxic_alkylating, add on) — EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) Class I — cyclophosphamide for severe / vital-organ vasculo-Behçet; coronary + pulmonary artery aneurysms qualify; gonadotoxic — counseling required
9. infliximab 5 mg/kg IV at 0, 2, 6 weeks then q6-8 weeks IV q6-8 weeks (tnf_alpha_inhibitor_monoclonal, second line) — EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) — TNF-α inhibitor (infliximab or adalimumab) for refractory severe BD; Sfikakis 2004 (PMID 15571742) supports use; screen for latent TB + hepatitis pre-initiation
10. azathioprine 2-3 mg/kg/d PO; check TPMT before initiation PO daily (immunosuppressant_purine_synthesis_inhibitor, add on) — Hamuryudan 2004 (PMID 14730108) — azathioprine reduces eye disease + vascular events in BD; foundational maintenance steroid-sparing agent
11. mycophenolate_mofetil 1-3 g/d divided BID PO BID (immunosuppressant_imp_dh_inhibitor, second line) — EULAR 2018 — MMF alternative steroid-sparing maintenance; teratogenic — switch off before conception
12. warfarin 5 mg daily; INR target 2-3 ONLY if clear thrombus burden + concurrent immunosuppression; AVOID in pure-vasculitic without thrombus given aneurysm rupture risk PO daily (vitamin_k_antagonist, comorbidity specific) — EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968) — AC controversial in BD; immunosuppression is primary therapy for vasculo-Behçet vascular events; AC ONLY with concurrent immunosuppression and clear thrombus; aneurysm rupture risk; venous thrombosis treated with immunosuppression rather than AC alone in BD
13. carvedilol 3.125 mg BID titrate PO BID (beta_blocker_nonselective, first line) — CAPRICORN PMID 11356436 — post-MI BB benefit; carvedilol preferred for HFrEF GDMT
14. sacubitril-valsartan 24/26 mg BID titrate PO BID (arni, add on) — PIONEER-HF PMID 30403955; ACC/AHA 2022 HF Class I if HFrEF persists post-MI

Setting playbook (outpatient) — Lifelong cardiology + rheumatology + ophthalmology multidisciplinary surveillance: serial CTA every 6-12 mo for coronary + extra-coronary aneurysms; lifelong colchicine + maintenance immunosuppression; continued GDMT if HFrEF; aggressive secondary prevention (BP <130/80, lipid LDL <55 per ESC vasculitis high-risk, smoking cessation maintained); pregnancy + family planning counseling (colchicine compatible with pregnancy with rheum input; cyclophosphamide / MMF teratogenic — switch to azathioprine before conception)
15. continue lifelong bundle ASA 81 + atorvastatin 80 + colchicine 0.5-1 mg daily + maintenance immunosuppression (azathioprine / MMF / TNF-α inhibitor) per rheumatology + GDMT if HFrEF PO as scheduled — BD coronary disease lifelong (EULAR 2018 + AHA 2025 ACS)

Non-pharmacologic actions:
- Pregnancy counseling: colchicine compatible (low-dose); cyclophosphamide + MMF TERATOGENIC — switch to azathioprine ≥3 mo before conception; AVOID estrogen contraception
- Lifelong cardiac rehab maintenance + tailored exercise
- Mental health continuity (chronic disease + young adult adjustment)
- Annual influenza + 5-yr pneumococcal vaccinations (avoid live vaccines)
- Smoking cessation maintained — major vasculo-Behçet flare trigger
- Sun protection counseling

AVOID / contraindication checks:
- AVOID_fibrinolysis_in_behcet_stemi_due_to_coronary_aneurysm_rupture_risk — EULAR 2018 (PMID 29625968)
- AVOID_aspirin_monotherapy_as_sole_antithrombotic_in_pure_vasculitic_phenotype_does_not_address_inflammation
- AC_use_cautiously_in_BD_aneurysm_rupture_risk_use_only_with_concurrent_immunosuppression — EULAR 2018
- Colchicine_renal_dose_adjustment_avoid_chronic_use_eGFR_below_30
- Cyclophosphamide_gonadotoxicity_counseling_+_fertility_preservation
- MMF_teratogenic_switch_off_before_conception (FDA category D)
- Cyclophosphamide_teratogenic (FDA category D)
- Steroid_taper_must_account_for_adrenal_insufficiency_after_>3wk_use
- TNF_alpha_inhibitor_screen_latent_TB_+_hepatitis_pre_initiation
- AVOID_estrogen_OCP_HRT_in_BD (procoagulant + may flare disease)
- Smoking_cessation_critical_major_vasculo_Behçet_flare_trigger
- Live_vaccines_contraindicated_on_immunosuppression

Monitoring

Regimen monitoring:
- echo at 5-7d post event for thrombus screen + lv function + pericardial effusion
- serial troponin for persistent elevation indicating ongoing vasculitis
- serial CTA at 4-6 weeks then 3-6 months then annually for coronary + extra-coronary aneurysm surveillance
- ESR CRP at baseline then q1-3mo for vasculitis activity
- CBC LFTs creatinine q2-4 weeks during immunosuppression
- TPMT pre azathioprine
- TB quantiferon + hepatitis panel pre TNF alpha inhibitor
- pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis during high-dose immunosuppression
- shingrix + pneumococcal vaccinations pre immunosuppression if possible
- ophthalmology q6mo for uveitis surveillance

Setting (outpatient) monitoring:
- Coronary + extra-coronary CTA every 6-12 mo
- Annual lipid + BP + CBC + LFTs + creatinine + ESR + CRP
- BD activity assessment quarterly
- Annual eye exam (ophthalmology)

Follow-up plan: Lifelong colchicine; maintenance immunosuppression per rheumatology (azathioprine 2-3 mg/kg/d PO OR MMF 1-3 g/d OR TNF-α inhibitor); aggressive secondary prevention (high-intensity statin, BP control, no smoking — smoking is major vasculo-Behçet flare trigger); cardiology + rheumatology + ophthalmology q3 mo first year then q6 mo; surveillance CTA at 3-6 mo then annually for aneurysm; AVOID OCP / estrogen (procoagulant + may flare BD)
- Close-out criterion: long-term multidisciplinary plan booked + smoking cessation + immunosuppression maintenance scheduled

Monitoring phase: Telemetry; serial troponin (persistent elevation may indicate ongoing vasculitis); daily BD activity assessment (mucocutaneous + ocular + neuro + vascular); steroid taper monitoring (hyperglycemia, infection); echo at 5-7 d for thrombus + LV reassessment + pericardial effusion; serial CTA at 4-6 weeks for aneurysm size + new aneurysm screen

Disposition

Current setting: outpatient — Lifelong cardiology + rheumatology + ophthalmology multidisciplinary surveillance: serial CTA every 6-12 mo for coronary + extra-coronary aneurysms; lifelong colchicine + maintenance immunosuppression; continued GDMT if HFrEF; aggressive secondary prevention (BP <130/80, lipid LDL <55 per ESC vasculitis high-risk, smoking cessation maintained); pregnancy + family planning counseling (colchicine compatible with pregnancy with rheum input; cyclophosphamide / MMF teratogenic — switch to azathioprine before conception)

Disposition criteria:
- Long-term continuation; cross-link to cardio.hf.core.v1 if HFrEF persists; cross-link to vasc.large-vessel-vasculitis.* if extra-coronary involvement predominant

Escalation triggers (move to higher acuity):
- New ACS or recurrent CAD on CTA → cardiology + rheumatology — assess vasculitis activity vs atherosclerosis
- New or growing extra-coronary aneurysm → vascular surgery + escalate immunosuppression
- Pulmonary artery aneurysm with hemoptysis → emergent thoracic surgery + escalate immunosuppression
- EF declining despite GDMT → advanced HF / transplant evaluation
- Bleeding on DAPT ± AC → reassess regimen
- BD flare → rheumatology — escalate immunosuppression
- Pregnancy planned → switch teratogenic meds 3 mo prior + high-risk obstetrics + cardiology team
- Smoking relapse → enhanced cessation support — major vasculo-Behçet flare risk

Earlier-Return Triggers

Return-precaution thresholds (watch for):
- [LIFE_THREATENING] IVUS/OCT confirms vessel-wall inflammation + aneurysm with thrombus + active BD features (mucocutaneous, ocular, vascular, elevated ESR/CRP) at index STEMI → high-dose pulse steroids + cyclophosphamide immediately; AVOID fibrinolysis (rupture risk)
- [LIFE_THREATENING] Massive hemoptysis + pulmonary artery aneurysm on CTA in BD patient → CHARACTERISTIC VASCULO-BEHÇET EMERGENCY; aneurysm rupture imminent or ongoing; mortality without rapid intervention
- [LIFE_THREATENING] Aortic / abdominal / splenic / renal aneurysm rupture with concurrent BD-STEMI → multi-organ vascular emergency; mortality high without simultaneous vascular surgery + cardiac care

Citations

- 2025 ACC/AHA ACS Guideline + EULAR 2018 Behçet syndrome management recommendations (Hatemi ARD 2018 PMID 29625968) + International Study Group BD criteria (Lancet 1990 PMID 1970380) + Chapel Hill Consensus 2012 vasculitis nomenclature (PMID 23045170) [PMID:29625968](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29625968/)
- Cited evidence (PMID 37622670) [PMID:37622670](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622670/)
- Cited evidence (PMID 23045170) [PMID:23045170](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23045170/)
- Cited evidence (PMID 1970380) [PMID:1970380](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1970380/)
- Cited evidence (PMID 22588748) [PMID:22588748](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22588748/)

Last reconciled with current guidelines: 2026-05-15.
References
  • 2025 ACC/AHA ACS Guideline + EULAR 2018 Behçet syndrome management recommendations (Hatemi ARD 2018 PMID 29625968) + International Study Group BD criteria (Lancet 1990 PMID 1970380) + Chapel Hill Consensus 2012 vasculitis nomenclature (PMID 23045170) — PMID:29625968
  • Cited evidence (PMID 37622670) — PMID:37622670
  • Cited evidence (PMID 23045170) — PMID:23045170
  • Cited evidence (PMID 1970380) — PMID:1970380
  • Cited evidence (PMID 22588748) — PMID:22588748